module: add prefix-only modules to module.builtinModules

Fixes nodejs#42785

doc/api/module.md

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ added:
 A list of the names of all modules provided by Node.js. Can be used to verify
 if a module is maintained by a third party or not.
 
-Note: the list doesn't contain [prefix-only modules][] like `node:test`.
+Note: the list also contains [prefix-only modules][] like `node:test`.
 
 `module` in this context isn't the same object that's provided
 by the [module wrapper][]. To access it, require the `Module` module:

doc/api/modules.md

@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ Some built-in modules are always preferentially loaded if their identifier is
 passed to `require()`. For instance, `require('http')` will always
 return the built-in HTTP module, even if there is a file by that name. The list
 of built-in modules that can be loaded without using the `node:` prefix is exposed
-as [`module.builtinModules`][].
+in [`module.builtinModules`][], listed without the prefix.
 
 ### Built-in modules with mandatory `node:` prefix
 
@@ -527,6 +527,8 @@ taken the name. Currently the built-in modules that requires the `node:` prefix
 * [`node:test`][]
 * [`node:test/reporters`][]
 
+The list of these modules is exposed in [`module.builtinModules`][], including the prefix.
+
 ## Cycles
 
 <!--type=misc-->

lib/internal/bootstrap/realm.js

@@ -320,14 +320,17 @@ class BuiltinModule {
     );
   }
 
-  static getCanBeRequiredByUsersWithoutSchemeList() {
-    return ArrayFrom(canBeRequiredByUsersWithoutSchemeList);
-  }
-
   static getSchemeOnlyModuleNames() {
     return ArrayFrom(schemelessBlockList);
   }
 
+  static getAllBuiltinModuleIds() {
+    return [
+      ...canBeRequiredByUsersWithoutSchemeList,
+      ...ArrayFrom(schemelessBlockList, x => `node:${x}`),
+    ];
+  }
+
   // Used by user-land module loaders to compile and load builtins.
   compileForPublicLoader() {
     if (!BuiltinModule.canBeRequiredByUsers(this.id)) {

lib/internal/modules/cjs/loader.js

@@ -420,8 +420,8 @@ Module.isBuiltin = BuiltinModule.isBuiltin;
  */
 function initializeCJS() {
   // This need to be done at runtime in case --expose-internals is set.
-  const builtinModules = BuiltinModule.getCanBeRequiredByUsersWithoutSchemeList();
-  Module.builtinModules = ObjectFreeze(builtinModules);
+
+  Module.builtinModules = ObjectFreeze(BuiltinModule.getAllBuiltinModuleIds());
 
   initializeCjsConditions();
 

test/parallel/test-internal-module-require.js

@@ -87,6 +87,9 @@ if (process.argv[2] === 'child') {
         });
       } else {
         require(id);
+        if (!id.startsWith('node:')) {
+          require(`node:${id}`);
+        }
         publicModules.add(id);
       }
     }