Split PROVIDER_DOCKER_ERROR into more specific reason codes

[tstromberg]

Fixes #9908

Addresses an issue raised as a priority by some of our embedded users, like gcloud & Cloud Code. For both providing more useful feedback to the user, and collecting statistics about why minikube fails in user environments.

Split one broad code into 12 codes. I suspect many of these will be rarer than hens teeth, but I've sorted by intuitional likelihood:

• PROVIDER_DOCKER_WINDOWS_CONTAINERS
• PROVIDER_DOCKER_DEADLINE_EXCEEDED
• PROVIDER_DOCKER_INFO_FAILED
• PROVIDER_DOCKER_INFO_ERROR
• PROVIDER_DOCKER_VERSION_EXIT_%d
• PROVIDER_DOCKER_NEWGRP
• PROVIDER_DOCKER_NOT_RUNNING
• PROVIDER_DOCKER_PIPE_NOT_FOUND
• PROVIDER_DOCKER_CANNOT_CONNECT
• PROVIDER_DOCKER_REFUSED
• PROVIDER_DOCKER_ERROR

Here are some examples I forced:

docker version with exit code 9

😄  minikube v1.16.0 on Darwin 11.1 (arm64)
✨  Using the docker driver based on user configuration

💣  Exiting due to PROVIDER_DOCKER_VERSION_EXIT_9: "docker version --format -" exit status 9: 
📘  Documentation: https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/drivers/docker/

docker not running

😄  minikube v1.16.0 on Darwin 11.1 (arm64)
✨  Using the docker driver based on user configuration

💣  Exiting due to PROVIDER_DOCKER_NOT_RUNNING: docker info error: Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. Is the docker daemon running?
💡  Suggestion: Start the Docker service
📘  Documentation: https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/drivers/docker/

[medyagh]

thanks for making this much better !

[k8s-ci-robot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: medyagh, tstromberg

The full list of commands accepted by this bot can be found here.

The pull request process is described here

Needs approval from an approver in each of these files:

• OWNERS [medyagh,tstromberg]

Approvers can indicate their approval by writing /approve in a comment
Approvers can cancel approval by writing /approve cancel in a comment