feat: Implement standard schema interface

[logaretm]

What

This is a PR that implements the standard schema interface for yup.

Motivation: Standard schema is an initiative that is aimed to get all Typed schema providers to support a unified interface that will enable various tools and 3rd party libraries to seamlessly integrate with "a schema provider" which reduces friction when migrating from one provider to the other, and allows mixing these providers if one is suited for a task more than the rest. Another benefit is it allows 3rd party authors to ditch the "resolver" pattern which in turn reduces their users' friction.

We discussed this briefly in #2255 with no clear green light given on this, so I understand if this is something you don't want the burden of maintaining. I already did the work locally to play with it, since I was planning to build a yup standard schema adapter anyways. So, I thought I might as well just PR it.

I made sure to add tests and type tests as well, happy to address any issues in this PR.

How

To avoid adding @standard-schema/spec as a dependency, I copied the types which is the recommended approach. I then make sure it is aligned with the spec by testing it against the spec which I added as a dev dependency.

I also had to implement a path splitter to make the paths compatible with the standard schema output.

Bundle size diff (~3%)

Label	Size Before	Size After
Bundle Size	72.6 KB	75.73 KB
Minified Size	39.07 KB	40.08 KB
Gzipped Size	11.44 KB	11.79 KB

closes #2255