Jest ESM Mock Issue

This is a minimal repo to reproduce the issue of using jest.mock function to partially mock the electron module when ESM support is enabled.

Code with issue

The following code should have mock the functions app.on, app.whenReady and component BrowserWindow from electron. However it seems to have no effect with ESM support activated.

// main.spec.js

import { jest } from '@jest/globals';
import { BrowserWindow } from 'electron';
import { exportedForTests } from '../src/main.cjs';

jest.mock('electron', () => ({
  app: {
    on: jest.fn(),
    whenReady: jest.fn(() => Promise.resolve()),
  },
  BrowserWindow: jest.fn().mockImplementation(() => ({
    loadFile: jest.fn(() => Promise.resolve()),
    on: jest.fn(),
  })),
}));

// test cases
...

npm t     

> jest-esm-mock-issue@1.0.0 test
> cross-env NODE_ENV=test NODE_OPTIONS=--experimental-vm-modules jest

(node:45275) ExperimentalWarning: VM Modules is an experimental feature. This feature could change at any time
(Use `node --trace-warnings ...` to show where the warning was created)
 FAIL  tests/main.spec.js
  ● Test suite failed to run

    TypeError: Cannot read properties of undefined (reading 'whenReady')

      20 | }
      21 |
    > 22 | app.whenReady().then(() => {
         |     ^
      23 |   if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'test') createWindow();
      24 |
      25 |   app.on('activate', () => {

      at Object.whenReady (src/main.cjs:22:5)
          at async Promise.all (index 2)

----------|---------|----------|---------|---------|-------------------
File      | % Stmts | % Branch | % Funcs | % Lines | Uncovered Line #s 
----------|---------|----------|---------|---------|-------------------
All files |       0 |        0 |       0 |       0 |                   
----------|---------|----------|---------|---------|-------------------
Test Suites: 1 failed, 1 total
Tests:       0 total
Snapshots:   0 total
Time:        0.28 s
Ran all test suites.