[lint] uses ruff to format instead of black

[iris-garden]

As of #14119, we lint and format using black; this commit uses ruff instead, as it is faster and is intended to be a drop-in replacement for black. There are some rules that ruff cares about that black doesn't, which would require some dramatic reformats to the codebase, so for the time being, these are added to the list of rules to ignore, and can be added back in all at once or progressively later on.

[daniel-goldstein]

Thanks for doing this! I'm excited to have lightning fast linting and formatting for the whole codebase.

It's a little unclear to me though whether this is meant to tackle formatting and format-checking with ruff or adding hail to ruff's linting.

[daniel-goldstein]

I think ruff check exclusively refers to the ruff linter. I think to check formatting you need ruff format --check.

[iris-garden]

ohhhhhh thank you! i will take another look with this in mind

[daniel-goldstein]

I am all for these changes, but IIUC these are related to expanding the scope of ruff as a linter to include the hail directory, and not necessarily to do with replacing black as a formatter. I'm happy to review a big PR that includes linting fixes, just as long as it doesn't include auto-formatting changes.

[iris-garden]

okay @daniel-goldstein #14132 replaces just the formatting/format checking with ruff, and i'll make another PR once that goes in to extend the ruff linting to the hail folder. thanks so much for your help on this! :)