Go: Bump Go version to 1.23 in tests

[mbg]

This PR updates the version of Go in the PR checks to 1.23. This purely affects the CI on this repository. If you have come here because of an issue with CodeQL and Go 1.23, please open an issue on https://github.com/github/codeql

Merge / deployment checklist

• Confirm this change is backwards compatible with existing workflows.
• Confirm the readme has been updated if necessary.
• Confirm the changelog has been updated if necessary.

[frisbm]

Any word on when this can merged or anyone got a work around in the meantime?

[mbg]

Hi @frisbm 👋🏻

This PR changes the version of Go that's installed for the tests in this repository. I am not sure what you are looking for a workaround for exactly, but this isn't the right place.

Development of the Go support for CodeQL takes place in https://github.com/github/codeql. We are currently working on supporting Go 1.23 and are hoping to have something in our next CodeQL release.

If you could open an issue there to let us know about what problems you are currently facing, we could look into it for you there.