fix MSVC __cplusplus by _MSVC_LANG

[yhmtsai]

As #1495 mentioned, MSVC does not update __cplusplus as the other compiler by default, which results in the issue mentioned in #1331 (std::uncaught_exception is not a member of std when standard > c++17)
They use _MSVC_LANG for __cplusplus purpose.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Comparison is base (37a63de) 89.30% compared to head (876d8ff) 90.97%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           develop    #1496      +/-   ##
===========================================
+ Coverage    89.30%   90.97%   +1.67%     
===========================================
  Files          688      688              
  Lines        56328    56113     -215     
===========================================
+ Hits         50304    51050     +746     
+ Misses        6024     5063     -961     

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