Debug Flutter apps from code > make platform agnostic

[antfitch]

Description of what this PR is changing or adding, and why:

I'm working on making the docs agnostic when discussing Android and iOS. I noticed that in our "Debug Flutter apps from code" topic that we assume everyone is using Android. Updated the wording to make it agnostic.

Small other little things:

• Also, during that cleanup in the "Add logging to your application" section, I noticed that the content had become outdated and a few things added over the years. I merged the additions into a bulleted list.
• debugPrint docs had moved at some point and there was a broken link. Fixed that.
• Updated the links list to be in alphabetical order (like most other topics I've seen so far)

This is part of issue #11590.

Issues fixed by this PR (if any):

PRs or commits this PR depends on (if any):

Presubmit checklist

• This PR is marked as draft with an explanation if not meant to land until a future stable release.
• This PR doesn’t contain automatically generated corrections (Grammarly or similar).
• This PR follows the Google Developer Documentation Style Guidelines — for example, it doesn’t use i.e. or e.g., and it avoids I and we (first person).
• This PR uses semantic line breaks of 80 characters or fewer.

[flutter-website-bot]

Visit the preview URL for this PR (updated for commit a8d6c2d):

https://flutter-docs-prod--pr11669-ios-debug-program-11590-duvff684.web.app

[sfshaza2]

This looks great! lgtm