Auto merge of rust-lang#11881 - y21:issue11880, r=Alexendoo

[`implied_bounds_in_impls`]: avoid linting on overlapping associated tys

Fixes rust-lang#11880

Before this change, we were simply ignoring associated types (except for suggestion purposes), because of an incorrect assumption (see the comment that I also removed).

For something like
```rs
trait X { type T; }
trait Y: X { type T; }

// Can't constrain `X::T` through `Y`
fn f() -> impl X<T = i32> + Y<T = u32> { ... }
```
We now avoid linting if the implied bound (`X<T = i32>`) "names" associated types that also exists in the implying trait (`trait Y`). Here that would be the case.
But if we only wrote `impl X + Y<T = u32>` then that's ok because `X::T` was never constrained in the first place.

I haven't really thought about how this interacts with GATs, but I think it's fine. Fine as in, it might create false negatives, but hopefully no false positives.

(The diff is slightly annoying because of formatting things. Really the only thing that changed in the if chain is extracting the `implied_by_def_id` which is needed for getting associated types from the trait, and of course actually checking for overlap)

cc `@Jarcho` ? idk if you want to review this or not. I assume you looked into this code a bit to find this bug.

changelog: [`implied_bounds_in_impls`]: avoid linting when associated type from supertrait can't be constrained through the implying trait bound

clippy_lints/src/implied_bounds_in_impls.rs

@@ -317,6 +317,15 @@ fn check(cx: &LateContext<'_>, decl: &FnDecl<'_>) {
                 && let implied_bindings = path.args.map_or([].as_slice(), |a| a.bindings)
                 && let Some(def_id) = poly_trait.trait_ref.path.res.opt_def_id()
                 && let Some(bound) = find_bound_in_supertraits(cx, def_id, implied_args, &supertraits)
+                // If the implied bound has a type binding that also exists in the implied-by trait,
+                // then we shouldn't lint. See #11880 for an example.
+                && let assocs = cx.tcx.associated_items(bound.trait_def_id)
+                && !implied_bindings.iter().any(|binding| {
+                    assocs
+                        .filter_by_name_unhygienic(binding.ident.name)
+                        .next()
+                        .is_some_and(|assoc| assoc.kind == ty::AssocKind::Type)
+                    })
             {
                 emit_lint(cx, poly_trait, opaque_ty, index, implied_bindings, bound);
             }

tests/ui/implied_bounds_in_impls.fixed

@@ -121,4 +121,33 @@ mod issue11435 {
     fn f3() -> impl Trait4<i8, X = i32, Y = i128> {}
 }
 
+fn issue11880() {
+    trait X {
+        type T;
+        type U;
+    }
+    trait Y: X {
+        type T;
+        type V;
+    }
+    impl X for () {
+        type T = i32;
+        type U = String;
+    }
+    impl Y for () {
+        type T = u32;
+        type V = Vec<u8>;
+    }
+
+    // Can't constrain `X::T` through `Y`
+    fn f() -> impl X<T = i32> + Y {}
+    fn f2() -> impl X<T = i32> + Y<T = u32> {}
+
+    // X::T is never constrained in the first place, so it can be omitted
+    // and left unconstrained
+    fn f3() -> impl Y {}
+    fn f4() -> impl Y<T = u32> {}
+    fn f5() -> impl Y<T = u32, U = String> {}
+}
+
 fn main() {}

tests/ui/implied_bounds_in_impls.rs

@@ -121,4 +121,33 @@ mod issue11435 {
     fn f3() -> impl Trait3<i8, i16, i64, X = i32, Y = i128> + Trait4<i8, X = i32> {}
 }
 
+fn issue11880() {
+    trait X {
+        type T;
+        type U;
+    }
+    trait Y: X {
+        type T;
+        type V;
+    }
+    impl X for () {
+        type T = i32;
+        type U = String;
+    }
+    impl Y for () {
+        type T = u32;
+        type V = Vec<u8>;
+    }
+
+    // Can't constrain `X::T` through `Y`
+    fn f() -> impl X<T = i32> + Y {}
+    fn f2() -> impl X<T = i32> + Y<T = u32> {}
+
+    // X::T is never constrained in the first place, so it can be omitted
+    // and left unconstrained
+    fn f3() -> impl X + Y {}
+    fn f4() -> impl X + Y<T = u32> {}
+    fn f5() -> impl X<U = String> + Y<T = u32> {}
+}
+
 fn main() {}

tests/ui/implied_bounds_in_impls.stderr

@@ -192,5 +192,41 @@ LL -     fn f3() -> impl Trait3<i8, i16, i64, X = i32, Y = i128> + Trait4<i8, X
 LL +     fn f3() -> impl Trait4<i8, X = i32, Y = i128> {}
    |
 
-error: aborting due to 16 previous errors
+error: this bound is already specified as the supertrait of `Y`
+  --> $DIR/implied_bounds_in_impls.rs:148:21
+   |
+LL |     fn f3() -> impl X + Y {}
+   |                     ^
+   |
+help: try removing this bound
+   |
+LL -     fn f3() -> impl X + Y {}
+LL +     fn f3() -> impl Y {}
+   |
+
+error: this bound is already specified as the supertrait of `Y<T = u32>`
+  --> $DIR/implied_bounds_in_impls.rs:149:21
+   |
+LL |     fn f4() -> impl X + Y<T = u32> {}
+   |                     ^
+   |
+help: try removing this bound
+   |
+LL -     fn f4() -> impl X + Y<T = u32> {}
+LL +     fn f4() -> impl Y<T = u32> {}
+   |
+
+error: this bound is already specified as the supertrait of `Y<T = u32>`
+  --> $DIR/implied_bounds_in_impls.rs:150:21
+   |
+LL |     fn f5() -> impl X<U = String> + Y<T = u32> {}
+   |                     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+   |
+help: try removing this bound
+   |
+LL -     fn f5() -> impl X<U = String> + Y<T = u32> {}
+LL +     fn f5() -> impl Y<T = u32, U = String> {}
+   |
+
+error: aborting due to 19 previous errors