EIP-1559: Fee market change for transaction gas #20618

i-norden · 2020-02-03T16:48:44Z

This PR implements EIP-1559. The updated documentation for EIP-1559 can be found here. The magicians thread for this implementation can be found here. I'll continue to incorporate feedback from that thread in addition to the review received here. Thanks!

Edit: A mirror repo was created to track progress on this EIP with issues/PRs before switching over to a forked branch to check the CI prior to opening this PR. Those issues/PRs may be helpful in review/duplicating the code but keep in mind compartmentalization was not perfect and there have been updates on this branch since the PR has been opened.

ligi

Just some things that caught my eye while getting an overview

ligi · 2020-02-03T16:52:40Z

consensus/clique/clique.go

@@ -301,6 +304,18 @@ func (c *Clique) verifyHeader(chain consensus.ChainReader, header *types.Header,
 	return c.verifyCascadingFields(chain, header, parents)
 }

+// VerifyTransactions verifies a the transactions in a block do not exceed the per-transaction gas limit


Suggested change

// VerifyTransactions verifies a the transactions in a block do not exceed the per-transaction gas limit

// VerifyTransactions verifies that the transactions in a block do not exceed the per-transaction gas limit

ligi · 2020-02-03T16:54:42Z

consensus/ethash/consensus.go

@@ -169,6 +170,18 @@ func (ethash *Ethash) VerifyHeaders(chain consensus.ChainReader, headers []*type
 	return abort, errorsOut
 }

+// VerifyTransactions verifies a the transactions in a block do not exceed the per-transaction gas limit


Suggested change

// VerifyTransactions verifies a the transactions in a block do not exceed the per-transaction gas limit

// VerifyTransactions verifies that the transactions in a block do not exceed the per-transaction gas limit

ligi · 2020-02-03T17:01:26Z

core/types/block_test.go

+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
+
+	//"fmt"
+	//"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"


should be removed

Thanks @ligi making these updates now!

fjl · 2020-02-18T09:56:15Z

This will get reviewed when the EIP is through ACD.

0xKiwi · 2020-03-15T19:24:43Z

consensus/clique/clique.go

+	if header.BaseFee == nil {
+		err = rlp.Encode(w, []interface{}{
+			header.ParentHash,
+			header.UncleHash,
+			header.Coinbase,
+			header.Root,
+			header.TxHash,
+			header.ReceiptHash,
+			header.Bloom,
+			header.Difficulty,
+			header.Number,
+			header.GasLimit,
+			header.GasUsed,
+			header.Time,
+			header.Extra[:len(header.Extra)-crypto.SignatureLength], // Yes, this will panic if extra is too short
+			header.MixDigest,
+			header.Nonce,
+		})
+	} else {
+		err = rlp.Encode(w, []interface{}{
+			header.ParentHash,
+			header.UncleHash,
+			header.Coinbase,
+			header.Root,
+			header.TxHash,
+			header.ReceiptHash,
+			header.Bloom,
+			header.Difficulty,
+			header.Number,
+			header.GasLimit,
+			header.GasUsed,
+			header.Time,
+			header.Extra[:len(header.Extra)-crypto.SignatureLength], // Yes, this will panic if extra is too short
+			header.MixDigest,
+			header.Nonce,
+			header.BaseFee,
+		})
+	}


Can't this be reduced to:

Suggested change

if header.BaseFee == nil {

err = rlp.Encode(w, []interface{}{

header.ParentHash,

header.UncleHash,

header.Coinbase,

header.Root,

header.TxHash,

header.ReceiptHash,

header.Bloom,

header.Difficulty,

header.Number,

header.GasLimit,

header.GasUsed,

header.Time,

header.Extra[:len(header.Extra)-crypto.SignatureLength], // Yes, this will panic if extra is too short

header.MixDigest,

header.Nonce,

})

} else {

err = rlp.Encode(w, []interface{}{

header.ParentHash,

header.UncleHash,

header.Coinbase,

header.Root,

header.TxHash,

header.ReceiptHash,

header.Bloom,

header.Difficulty,

header.Number,

header.GasLimit,

header.GasUsed,

header.Time,

header.Extra[:len(header.Extra)-crypto.SignatureLength], // Yes, this will panic if extra is too short

header.MixDigest,

header.Nonce,

header.BaseFee,

})

}

interfaces := []interface{}{

header.ParentHash,

header.UncleHash,

header.Coinbase,

header.Root,

header.TxHash,

header.ReceiptHash,

header.Bloom,

header.Difficulty,

header.Number,

header.GasLimit,

header.GasUsed,

header.Time,

header.Extra[:len(header.Extra)-crypto.SignatureLength], // Yes, this will panic if extra is too short

header.MixDigest,

header.Nonce,

}

if header.BaseFee == nil {

inferfaces = append(interfaces, header.BaseFee

}

if err = rlp.Encode(w, interfaces); err != nil {

panic("can't encode: " + err.Error())

}

Love the reductions/simplifications, will add these changes. There's a missing closing parenthesis on the append on line 752 so I can't commit the suggestions directly.

0xKiwi · 2020-03-15T19:31:28Z

eth/gasprice/gasprice.go

+		if err == nil && sender != block.Coinbase() {
+			price := tx.GasPrice()
+			if price == nil {
+				price = new(big.Int).Add(block.BaseFee(), tx.GasPremium())
+				if price.Cmp(tx.FeeCap()) > 0 {
+					price.Set(tx.FeeCap())
+				}
+			}
+			ch <- getBlockPricesResult{price, nil}
+			return
+		}


Suggested change

if err == nil && sender != block.Coinbase() {

price := tx.GasPrice()

if price == nil {

price = new(big.Int).Add(block.BaseFee(), tx.GasPremium())

if price.Cmp(tx.FeeCap()) > 0 {

price.Set(tx.FeeCap())

}

}

ch <- getBlockPricesResult{price, nil}

return

}

if err == nil && sender != block.Coinbase() {

continue

}

price := tx.GasPrice()

if price == nil {

price = new(big.Int).Add(block.BaseFee(), tx.GasPremium())

if price.Cmp(tx.FeeCap()) > 0 {

price.Set(tx.FeeCap())

}

}

ch <- getBlockPricesResult{price, nil}

return

To reduce the amount of nested if statements.

0xKiwi · 2020-03-15T19:32:28Z

eth/gasprice/gasprice.go

+		if err == nil && sender != block.Coinbase() {
+			premium := tx.GasPremium()
+			if premium == nil {
+				premium = new(big.Int).Sub(tx.GasPrice(), block.BaseFee())
+				if premium.Cmp(common.Big0) < 0 {
+					premium.Set(common.Big0)
+				}
+			}
+			ch <- getBlockPremiumsResult{premium, nil}
+			return
+		}
+	}


Suggested change

if err == nil && sender != block.Coinbase() {

premium := tx.GasPremium()

if premium == nil {

premium = new(big.Int).Sub(tx.GasPrice(), block.BaseFee())

if premium.Cmp(common.Big0) < 0 {

premium.Set(common.Big0)

}

}

ch <- getBlockPremiumsResult{premium, nil}

return

}

}

if err == nil && sender != block.Coinbase() {

continue

}

premium := tx.GasPremium()

if premium == nil {

premium = new(big.Int).Sub(tx.GasPrice(), block.BaseFee())

if premium.Cmp(common.Big0) < 0 {

premium.Set(common.Big0)

}

}

ch <- getBlockPremiumsResult{premium, nil}

return

}

Same here

Looks good to me, although the conditions need to be switched on the continue check.

AbdelStark · 2020-03-18T08:18:33Z

consensus/misc/forks.go

+		if header.BaseFee == nil {
+			return errMissingBaseFee
+		}
+		delta := new(big.Int).Sub(new(big.Int).SetUint64(parent.GasUsed), new(big.Int).SetUint64(params.TargetGasUsed))


Hello,
I am wondering if there is an issue on the delta computation. The EIP says Let delta = block.gas_used - TARGET_GASUSED.
I would expect to have header.GasUsed instead of parent.GasUsed . Am i missing something ?

Thanks for bringing this up, this highlights an issue in the spec. It should clarify that we are using the delta/gasUsed of the current header to calculate the baseFee of the next header; the parent to calculate the current. So in this function we are confirming that the baseFee provided in a header is valid by deriving it from its parent using the consensus rules and checking that they are equal.

Currently, miners use the baseFee of the header for the block they are working on to calculate the gasPrice of the EIP1559 txs they include, so a header needs its baseFee value known before its gasUsed value is resolved.

Thanks for bringing this up, this highlights an issue in the spec. It should clarify that we are using the delta/gasUsed of the current header to calculate the baseFee of the next header; the parent to calculate the current. So in this function we are confirming that the baseFee provided in a header is valid by deriving it from its parent using the consensus rules and checking that they are equal.

Currently, miners use the baseFee of the header for the block they are working on to calculate the gasPrice of the EIP1559 txs they include, so a header needs its baseFee value known before its gasUsed value is resolved.

Thanks for the clarification 👍

0xKiwi

Had time to take another look, thanks for doing this!

It's a bit large of a PR, if its possible it would be nice to make a temporary branch or fork so you can split this up into smaller PRs (if it's possible of course).

Mainly more code quality improvements, functionality wise I still have to look deeper to provide commentary there.

0xKiwi · 2020-03-25T00:55:11Z

consensus/ethash/consensus.go

+	if header.BaseFee == nil {
+		rlp.Encode(hasher, []interface{}{
+			header.ParentHash,
+			header.UncleHash,
+			header.Coinbase,
+			header.Root,
+			header.TxHash,
+			header.ReceiptHash,
+			header.Bloom,
+			header.Difficulty,
+			header.Number,
+			header.GasLimit,
+			header.GasUsed,
+			header.Time,
+			header.Extra,
+		})
+	} else {
+		rlp.Encode(hasher, []interface{}{
+			header.ParentHash,
+			header.UncleHash,
+			header.Coinbase,
+			header.Root,
+			header.TxHash,
+			header.ReceiptHash,
+			header.Bloom,
+			header.Difficulty,
+			header.Number,
+			header.GasLimit,
+			header.GasUsed,
+			header.Time,
+			header.Extra,
+			header.BaseFee,
+		})
+	}
+


Suggested change

if header.BaseFee == nil {

rlp.Encode(hasher, []interface{}{

header.ParentHash,

header.UncleHash,

header.Coinbase,

header.Root,

header.TxHash,

header.ReceiptHash,

header.Bloom,

header.Difficulty,

header.Number,

header.GasLimit,

header.GasUsed,

header.Time,

header.Extra,

})

} else {

rlp.Encode(hasher, []interface{}{

header.ParentHash,

header.UncleHash,

header.Coinbase,

header.Root,

header.TxHash,

header.ReceiptHash,

header.Bloom,

header.Difficulty,

header.Number,

header.GasLimit,

header.GasUsed,

header.Time,

header.Extra,

header.BaseFee,

})

}

encodedHeader := []interface{}{

header.ParentHash,

header.UncleHash,

header.Coinbase,

header.Root,

header.TxHash,

header.ReceiptHash,

header.Bloom,

header.Difficulty,

header.Number,

header.GasLimit,

header.GasUsed,

header.Time,

header.Extra,

}

if header.BaseFee == nil {

encodedHeader= append(encodedHeader, header.BaseFee)

}

rlp.Encode(hasher, encodedHeader)

Can use a similar strategy here.

0xKiwi · 2020-03-25T01:01:44Z

core/tx_list.go

+			if tx.GasPrice() != nil {
+				if old.GasPrice().Cmp(tx.GasPrice()) >= 0 || threshold.Cmp(tx.GasPrice()) > 0 {
+					return false, nil
+				}
+			} else {
+				eip1559 = true
+				newGasPrice := new(big.Int).Add(baseFee, tx.GasPremium())
+				if newGasPrice.Cmp(tx.FeeCap()) > 0 {
+					newGasPrice.Set(tx.FeeCap())
+				}
+				if old.GasPrice().Cmp(newGasPrice) >= 0 || threshold.Cmp(newGasPrice) > 0 {
+					return false, nil
+				}
+			}


Suggested change

if tx.GasPrice() != nil {

if old.GasPrice().Cmp(tx.GasPrice()) >= 0 || threshold.Cmp(tx.GasPrice()) > 0 {

return false, nil

}

} else {

eip1559 = true

newGasPrice := new(big.Int).Add(baseFee, tx.GasPremium())

if newGasPrice.Cmp(tx.FeeCap()) > 0 {

newGasPrice.Set(tx.FeeCap())

}

if old.GasPrice().Cmp(newGasPrice) >= 0 || threshold.Cmp(newGasPrice) > 0 {

return false, nil

}

}

if tx.GasPrice() != nil && old.GasPrice().Cmp(tx.GasPrice()) >= 0 || threshold.Cmp(tx.GasPrice()) > 0 {

return false, nil

}

eip1559 = true

newGasPrice := new(big.Int).Add(baseFee, tx.GasPremium())

if newGasPrice.Cmp(tx.FeeCap()) > 0 {

newGasPrice.Set(tx.FeeCap())

}

if old.GasPrice().Cmp(newGasPrice) >= 0 || threshold.Cmp(newGasPrice) > 0 {

return false, nil

}

Lots of nested here so trying to clean it up. Would this work?

Thanks! Made all these suggested changes except this one as it's not quite equivalent.

Also agree that the code could be broken up much better, apologies. If I find the time I will do that. In the original repo there are PRs/issues which follow the progress on specific sections. It's not perfect since the process was somewhat iterative, but that does provide some more structure to the commits: https://github.com/vulcanize/go-ethereum-EIP1559/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aclosed

0xKiwi · 2020-03-25T01:04:51Z

core/types/block.go

+			h.Nonce,
+		})
+	}
+	return rlp.Encode(w, []interface{}{


Similar strategy as before here as well.

0xKiwi · 2020-03-25T01:05:57Z

core/types/transaction_signing.go

 	return rlpHash([]interface{}{
 		tx.data.AccountNonce,
 		tx.data.Price,
 		tx.data.GasLimit,
 		tx.data.Recipient,
 		tx.data.Amount,
 		tx.data.Payload,
+		tx.data.GasPremium,
+		tx.data.FeeCap,


Similar strategy possible here too right?

0xKiwi · 2020-03-25T01:06:09Z

core/types/transaction_signing.go

 	return rlpHash([]interface{}{
 		tx.data.AccountNonce,
 		tx.data.Price,
 		tx.data.GasLimit,
 		tx.data.Recipient,
 		tx.data.Amount,
 		tx.data.Payload,
+		tx.data.GasPremium,
+		tx.data.FeeCap,


Here as well.

AbdelStark · 2020-03-18T14:36:41Z

core/block_validator.go

+	delta := new(big.Int).Sub(new(big.Int).SetUint64(parent.GasUsed()), new(big.Int).SetUint64(params.TargetGasUsed))
+	mul := new(big.Int).Mul(parent.BaseFee(), delta)
+	div := new(big.Int).Div(mul, new(big.Int).SetUint64(params.TargetGasUsed))
+	div2 := new(big.Int).Div(div, new(big.Int).SetUint64(params.BaseFeeMaxChangeDenominator))
+	baseFee := new(big.Int).Add(parent.BaseFee(), div2)
+
+	// A valid BASEFEE is one such that abs(BASEFEE - PARENT_BASEFEE) <= max(1, PARENT_BASEFEE // BASEFEE_MAX_CHANGE_DENOMINATOR)
+	diff := new(big.Int).Sub(baseFee, parent.BaseFee())
+	neg := false
+	if diff.Sign() < 0 {
+		neg = true
+		diff.Neg(diff)
+	}
+	max := new(big.Int).Div(parent.BaseFee(), new(big.Int).SetUint64(params.BaseFeeMaxChangeDenominator))
+	if max.Cmp(common.Big1) < 0 {
+		max = common.Big1
+	}
+	// If derived BaseFee is not valid, restrict it within the bounds
+	if diff.Cmp(max) > 0 {
+		if neg {
+			max.Neg(max)
+		}
+		baseFee.Set(new(big.Int).Add(parent.BaseFee(), max))
+	}


Could it be possible to have a common method to do that ? This is the same code used in consensus/misc/forks.go

AbdelStark · 2020-04-23T07:28:01Z

core/state_transition.go

+	if st.isEIP1559 {
+		// block.coinbase gains (gasprice - BASEFEE) * gasused
+		coinBaseCredit := new(big.Int).Mul(new(big.Int).Sub(st.eip1559GasPrice, st.evm.BaseFee), new(big.Int).SetUint64(st.gasUsed()))
+		//  If gasprice < BASEFEE (due to the fee_cap), this means that the block.coinbase loses funds from this operation;


Do we accept the block coinbase to lose funds from a transaction if gas price < BASEFEE because of fee cap ?

Vitalik thinks we should not accept. I quote : problem with allowing that is that a miner could choose someone else as coinbase and drain their money
See https://discordapp.com/channels/595666850260713488/692078615269212180/703225803143643238

Thank you for the heads up! Making the adjustment now.

BTW could you change the MaxGasEIP1559 to 20 million ? The EIP needs to be updated as well.
For context: https://discordapp.com/channels/595666850260713488/692078615269212180/705078808167841852

Are you on the discord channel ? I am working on Besu implementation so that would be easier to sync our efforts if we could chat on discord ? Does that make sense ?

Updated MaxGasEIP1559! Yeah I am in the discord channel, let's coordinate there.

holiman · 2020-05-11T12:07:18Z

core/types/transaction.go

-	_, size, _ := s.Kind()
-	err := s.Decode(&tx.data)
-	if err == nil {
+func (tx *Transaction) DecodeRLP(stream *rlp.Stream) error {


What we've historically done in these kinds of situations, is to first attempt to decode into one, and then the other. E.g.

var newTx Eip1559Transaction var oldTx Transaction if err := s.Decode( &newTx); err != nil{ err = s.Decode(&oldTx) }

I recall trying this approach originally and running into issues but it's been so long that I don't recall the exact nature of them. A quick conversion to this is yielding errors in unit tests but I need to look into it more!

…we set EIP1559 params by CLI

…559_GAS_TARGET

… parent gas target

i-norden · 2021-01-04T23:14:34Z

Closing in favor of the updated version at #21971

i-norden requested review from gballet, holiman, karalabe, ligi, rjl493456442 and zsfelfoldi as code owners February 3, 2020 16:48

ligi reviewed Feb 3, 2020

View reviewed changes

i-norden mentioned this pull request Feb 3, 2020

Eip1559 updates ethereum/EIPs#2505

Merged

adamschmideg added the status:triage label Feb 11, 2020

fjl changed the title ~~EIP-1559~~ EIP-1559: Fee market change for transaction gas Feb 18, 2020

fjl added area:core and removed status:triage labels Feb 18, 2020

adamschmideg added the status:on-hold label Feb 25, 2020

0xKiwi reviewed Mar 15, 2020

View reviewed changes

AbdelStark reviewed Mar 18, 2020

View reviewed changes

0xKiwi reviewed Mar 25, 2020

View reviewed changes

AbdelStark reviewed Mar 25, 2020

View reviewed changes

i-norden force-pushed the eip1559_rebase branch from 9932405 to 7f98ea5 Compare March 26, 2020 00:10

This was referenced Apr 16, 2020

EIP-1559 implementation hyperledger-web3j/web3j#1190

Closed

EIP 1559: Fee market change for ETH 1.0 chain hyperledger-web3j/web3j#1191

Merged

AbdelStark reviewed Apr 23, 2020

View reviewed changes

i-norden force-pushed the eip1559_rebase branch 5 times, most recently from 0ef5a0d to 215c210 Compare May 5, 2020 18:49

holiman reviewed May 11, 2020

View reviewed changes

ChainConfig changes, compatibility checks, protocol params

6047578

i-norden added 14 commits July 3, 2020 14:36

gas oracle work

8ff850d

misc fixes

d7aa9cc

PR review fixes

5d0a9cc

PR review refactoring and bug fix

fa03286

enforce eip1559 gasPrice >= baseFee; update MaxGasEIP1559 to 20 mil

86f57ee

make EIP1559 params CLI configurable for testing

d6b9e22

cli flags must be lowercase and cli help already prints defaults

3897471

add guard to backend to get remaining tests passing; temporary while …

890ffec

…we set EIP1559 params by CLI

adjustments to get building and tests passing after rebase onto 1.9.15

28dcf09

ensure basefee in genesis block is set if eip1559forkblocknumber=0

85bd7ec

remove per-tx gas limit

2e95968

revert back to using miner defined gas limit; calc baseFee using EIP1…

765f39a

…559_GAS_TARGET

unit tests for new basefee and gas target methods

1fbb6ef

move yoloV1 after EIP blocks in config

bbde950

i-norden force-pushed the eip1559_rebase branch from 1da2ff5 to bbde950 Compare July 8, 2020 15:33

i-norden requested a review from MariusVanDerWijden as a code owner July 13, 2020 20:30

add basefee under consensus in Clique engine

630cc0b

i-norden force-pushed the eip1559_rebase branch from 61c0763 to 630cc0b Compare July 13, 2020 22:22

enforce 1559 total gas limit; don't allow BaseFee to drop to 0

5622c65

i-norden force-pushed the eip1559_rebase branch 3 times, most recently from 4345d31 to a683326 Compare August 25, 2020 07:37

i-norden added 4 commits August 27, 2020 20:16

fix miner tests; exposes AddLocal errs to make debuging easier

e7e35c1

testing basefee minimum tolerances

e91b52b

baseFee increment magnitude minimum of 1; -1 when parent gas usage ==…

af1c710

… parent gas target

negative guard; update unit tests

0757426

i-norden force-pushed the eip1559_rebase branch from a683326 to 0757426 Compare September 25, 2020 16:31

i-norden closed this Jan 4, 2021

github-cerc-io deleted the eip1559_rebase branch October 2, 2023 20:57

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EIP-1559: Fee market change for transaction gas #20618

EIP-1559: Fee market change for transaction gas #20618

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i-norden commented Jan 4, 2021

	// VerifyTransactions verifies a the transactions in a block do not exceed the per-transaction gas limit
	// VerifyTransactions verifies that the transactions in a block do not exceed the per-transaction gas limit

EIP-1559: Fee market change for transaction gas #20618

EIP-1559: Fee market change for transaction gas #20618

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