The utility esp-idf-nvs-partition-gen/nvs_partition_gen.py creates a binary file, compatible with the NVS architecture defined in Non-Volatile Storage Library, based on the key-value pairs provided in a CSV file.
This utility is ideally suited for generating a binary blob, containing data specific to ODM/OEM, which can be flashed externally at the time of device manufacturing. This allows manufacturers to generate many instances of the same application firmware with customized parameters for each device, such as a serial number.
See more in NVS Partition Generator Utility ESP-IDF docs.