Return error code instead of crashing on failed initialization (EHM-106)

[renzenicolai]

Description

This PR changes the behavior of the esp_hosted_init function to return an esp_err_t error code instead of crashing by asserting using the ESP_ERROR_CHECK macro.

Related

The macro ESP_ERROR_CHECK is used often in Espressif code, as a user I would like it a lot if the use of this macro and asserts in general could be limited to an absolute minimum. If a function signature suggests an error code gets returned on failure then please do so instead of crashing.

In this particular case I would like to implement a recovery procedure or show a proper error message to the user when the Espressif API returns an error code. The use of ESP_ERROR_CHECK makes this impossible.

Testing

Tested on our product consisting of an ESP32-P4 and ESP32-C6 connected using SDIO.

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Checklist

Before submitting a Pull Request, please ensure the following:

• 🚨 This PR does not introduce breaking changes.
• All CI checks (GH Actions) pass.
• Documentation is updated as needed.
• Tests are updated or added as necessary.
• Code is well-commented, especially in complex areas.
• Git history is clean — commits are squashed to the minimum necessary.