Add basic string interpolation / string templates

effekt/jvm/src/test/scala/effekt/ChezSchemeTests.scala

@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ abstract class ChezSchemeTests extends EffektTests {
     examplesDir / "pos" / "unsafe_cont.effekt",
     examplesDir / "pos" / "propagators.effekt",
 
+    // bytearray is not implemented
+    examplesDir / "pos" / "string_interpolation.effekt",
+
     // the number representations differ in JS and Chez
     examplesDir / "casestudies" / "ad.effekt.md",
     examplesDir / "casestudies" / "inference.effekt.md",

effekt/shared/src/main/scala/effekt/Compiler.scala

@@ -115,6 +115,11 @@ trait Compiler[Executable] {
    * - Server / Driver to typecheck and report type errors in VSCode
    */
   def runFrontend(source: Source)(using C: Context): Option[Module] =
+    def getStackTrace(e: Throwable): String =
+      val stringWriter = new java.io.StringWriter()
+      e.printStackTrace(new java.io.PrintWriter(stringWriter))
+      stringWriter.toString
+
     try {
       val res = Frontend(source).map { res =>
         val mod = res.mod
@@ -128,15 +133,11 @@ trait Compiler[Executable] {
         None
       case e @ CompilerPanic(msg) =>
         C.report(msg)
-        e.getStackTrace.foreach { line =>
-          C.info("  at " + line)
-        }
+        C.info(getStackTrace(e))
         None
       case e =>
-        C.info("Effekt Compiler Crash: " + e.getMessage)
-        e.getStackTrace.foreach { line =>
-          C.info("  at " + line)
-        }
+        C.info("Effekt Compiler Crash: " + e.toString)
+        C.info(getStackTrace(e))
         None
     }
 

effekt/shared/src/main/scala/effekt/RecursiveDescent.scala

@@ -974,8 +974,13 @@ class RecursiveDescent(positions: Positions, tokens: Seq[Token], source: Source)
     case `fun`    => funExpr()
     case `new`    => newExpr()
     case `do`                => doExpr()
+    case _ if isString       => templateString()
     case _ if isLiteral      => literal()
-    case _ if isVariable     => variable()
+    case _ if isVariable     =>
+      peek(1).kind match {
+        case _: Str => templateString()
+        case _ => variable()
+      }
     case _ if isHole         => hole()
     case _ if isTupleOrGroup => tupleOrGroup()
     case _ if isListLiteral  => listLiteral()
@@ -1016,6 +1021,33 @@ class RecursiveDescent(positions: Positions, tokens: Seq[Token], source: Source)
     case `false` => true
     case _ => isUnitLiteral
   }
+
+  def isString: Boolean = peek.kind match {
+    case _: Str => true
+    case _      => false
+  }
+
+  def templateString(): Term =
+    nonterminal:
+      backtrack(idRef()) ~ template() match {
+        // We do not need to apply any transformation if there are no splices
+        case _ ~ Template(str :: Nil, Nil) => StringLit(str)
+        case _ ~ Template(strs, Nil) => fail("Cannot occur")
+        // s"a${x}b${y}" ~> s { do literal("a"); do splice(x); do literal("b"); do splice(y) }
+        case id ~ Template(strs, args) =>
+          val target = id.getOrElse(IdRef(Nil, "s"))
+          val doLits = strs.map { s =>
+            Do(None, IdRef(Nil, "literal"), Nil, List(StringLit(s)), Nil)
+          }
+          val doSplices = args.map { arg =>
+            Do(None, IdRef(Nil, "splice"), Nil, List(arg), Nil)
+          }
+          val body = interleave(doLits, doSplices)
+            .foldRight(Return(UnitLit())) { (term, acc) => ExprStmt(term, acc) }
+          val blk = BlockLiteral(Nil, Nil, Nil, body)
+          Call(IdTarget(target), Nil, Nil, List(blk))
+      }
+
   def literal(): Literal =
     nonterminal:
       peek.kind match {
@@ -1272,6 +1304,12 @@ class RecursiveDescent(positions: Positions, tokens: Seq[Token], source: Source)
       case Fail(_, _) => position = before; None
     }
 
+  def interleave[A](xs: List[A], ys: List[A]): List[A] = (xs, ys) match {
+    case (x :: xs, y :: ys) => x :: y :: interleave(xs, ys)
+    case (Nil, ys) => ys
+    case (xs, Nil) => xs
+  }
+
   /**
    * Tiny combinator DSL to sequence parsers
    */

examples/pos/string_interpolation.check

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+GET https://api.effekt-lang.org/users/effekt/resource/42
+Fix point combinator: \ f -> (\ x -> f x x) \ x -> f x x

examples/pos/string_interpolation.effekt

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import splice
+import stringbuffer
+
+type Expr {
+  Var(id: String)
+  Abs(param: String, body: Expr)
+  App(fn: Expr, arg: Expr)
+}
+
+def pretty { prog: () => Unit / {literal, splice[Expr]} }: String = {
+  with stringBuffer
+  try {
+    prog()
+    do flush()
+  } with literal { s =>
+    resume(do write(s))
+  } with splice[Expr] { expr =>
+    expr match {
+      case Var(id) =>
+        do write(id)
+      case App(Abs(param, body), arg) =>
+        do write(pretty"(${Abs(param, body)}) ${arg}")
+      case App(fn, arg) =>
+        do write(pretty"${fn} ${arg}")
+      case Abs(param, body) =>
+        do write(s"\\ ${param} -> " ++ pretty"${body}")
+    }
+    resume(())
+  }
+}
+
+def main() = {
+  val domain = "https://api.effekt-lang.org"
+  val user = "effekt"
+  val resourceId = 42
+  println("GET ${domain}/users/${user}/resource/${resourceId.show}")
+
+  val fixpoint = Abs("f", App(Abs("x", App(Var("f"), App(Var("x"), Var("x")))), Abs("x", App(Var("f"), App(Var("x"), Var("x"))))))
+  println(pretty"Fix point combinator: ${fixpoint}")
+}
+

libraries/common/splice.effekt

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+module splice
+
+import stringbuffer
+
+effect literal(s: String): Unit
+effect splice[A](x: A): Unit
+
+def s { prog: () => Unit / { literal, splice[String] } }: String = {
+  with stringBuffer
+  try {
+    prog()
+    do flush()
+  } with splice[String] { x =>
+    resume(do write(x))
+  } with literal { s =>
+    resume(do write(s))
+  }
+}

libraries/common/stringbuffer.effekt

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+module stringbuffer
+
+import bytearray
+
+interface StringBuffer {
+  def write(str: String): Unit
+  def flush(): String
+}
+
+def stringBuffer[A] { prog: => A / StringBuffer }: A = {
+  val initialCapacity = 128
+  var buffer = bytearray::allocate(initialCapacity)
+  // next free index to write to
+  var pos = 0
+
+  def ensureCapacity(sizeToAdd: Int): Unit = {
+    val cap = buffer.size - pos + 1
+    if (sizeToAdd <= cap) ()
+    else {
+      // Double the capacity while ensuring the required capacity
+      val newSize = max(buffer.size * 2, buffer.size + sizeToAdd)
+      val newBuffer = bytearray::allocate(newSize)
+      buffer = buffer.resize(newSize)
+    }
+  }
+
+  try { prog() }
+  with StringBuffer {
+    def write(str) = {
+      val bytes = fromString(str)
+      ensureCapacity(bytes.size)
+      bytes.foreach { b =>
+        buffer.unsafeSet(pos, b)
+        pos = pos + 1
+      }
+      resume(())
+    }
+    def flush() = {
+      // resize buffer to strip trailing zeros that otherwise would be converted into 0x00 characters
+      buffer = bytearray::resize(buffer, pos)
+      val str = buffer.toString()
+      // after flushing, the stringbuffer should be empty again
+      buffer = bytearray::allocate(initialCapacity)
+      resume(str)
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+namespace examples {
+  def main() = {
+    with stringBuffer
+    do write("hello")
+    do write(", world")
+    // prints `hello, world`
+    println(do flush())
+    // prints the empty string
+    println(do flush())
+  }
+}