End-to-end test of EasyBuild in different distros

use more granular exit codes when `EasyBuildError` is raised #1237

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Run time

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Job	Run time
End-to-end test (centos-8.5)	6m 52s
End-to-end test (fedora-36)	6m 14s
End-to-end test (opensuse-15.4)	5m 42s
End-to-end test (rockylinux-8.8)	6m 44s
End-to-end test (rockylinux-9.2)	6m 48s
End-to-end test (ubuntu-20.04)	8m 45s
End-to-end test (ubuntu-22.04)	8m 25s
	49m 30s