apacheGH-39421: [CI][Ruby] Update to using Ubuntu 22.04 on test-ruby …

…and test-c-glib nightly jobs (apache#39422)

### Rationale for this change
CI Jobs for Ruby and c-glib are failing on Ubuntu due to bundler failing to install on old Ruby.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Use Ubuntu 22.04 on those jobs.

### Are these changes tested?

Via Archery

### Are there any user-facing changes?
No
* Closes: apache#39421

Authored-by: Raúl Cumplido <raulcumplido@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Raúl Cumplido <raulcumplido@gmail.com>

dev/tasks/tasks.yml

@@ -1032,6 +1032,8 @@ tasks:
     ci: github
     template: docker-tests/github.linux.yml
     params:
+      env:
+        UBUNTU: 22.04
       image: {{ image }}
 {% endfor %}