apacheGH-43119: [CI][Packaging] Update manylinux 2014 CentOS repos th…

…at have been deprecated (apache#43121)

### Rationale for this change

Jobs are failing to find mirrorlist.centos.org

### What changes are included in this PR?

Updating repos based on solution from: apache#43119 (comment)

### Are these changes tested?

Via archery

### Are there any user-facing changes?
No
* GitHub Issue: apache#43119

Lead-authored-by: Raúl Cumplido <raulcumplido@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>
Co-authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@cozmixng.org>
Signed-off-by: Raúl Cumplido <raulcumplido@gmail.com>

ci/docker/centos-7-cpp.dockerfile

@@ -17,11 +17,25 @@
 
 FROM centos:centos7
 
+# Update mirrors to use vault.centos.org as CentOS 7
+# is EOL since 2024-06-30
+RUN sed -i \
+      -e 's/^mirrorlist/#mirrorlist/' \
+      -e 's/^#baseurl/baseurl/' \
+      -e 's/mirror\.centos\.org/vault.centos.org/' \
+      /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo
+
 # devtoolset is required for C++17
 RUN \
   yum install -y \
     centos-release-scl \
     epel-release && \
+  sed -i \
+    -e 's/^mirrorlist/#mirrorlist/' \
+    -e 's/^#baseurl/baseurl/' \
+    -e 's/^# baseurl/baseurl/' \
+    -e 's/mirror\.centos\.org/vault.centos.org/' \
+    /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-SCLo-scl*.repo && \
   yum install -y \
     cmake3 \
     curl \

ci/docker/python-wheel-manylinux.dockerfile

@@ -25,6 +25,18 @@ ARG manylinux
 ENV MANYLINUX_VERSION=${manylinux}
 
 # Ensure dnf is installed, especially for the manylinux2014 base
+RUN if [ "${MANYLINUX_VERSION}" = "2014" ]; then \
+      sed -i \
+        -e 's/^mirrorlist/#mirrorlist/' \
+        -e 's/^#baseurl/baseurl/' \
+        -e 's/mirror\.centos\.org/vault.centos.org/' \
+        /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo; \
+      if [ "${arch}" != "amd64" ]; then \
+        sed -i \
+          -e 's,vault\.centos\.org/centos,vault.centos.org/altarch,' \
+          /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-SCLo-scl-rh.repo; \
+      fi; \
+    fi
 RUN yum install -y dnf
 
 # Install basic dependencies