Change some internal async Task methods to be async ValueTask

We have some internal and private `async Task` methods that are only ever `await`ed.  Today there's no benefit to making them `async ValueTask` methods, so we've kept them as `async Task`.  However, if we end up changing the implementation of `async ValueTask` to pool underlying objects, there becomes a potential benefit to using `async ValueTask` for these instead of `async Task`.  This PR changes those in a variety of libraries where we care more about performance and allocations.  There are likely a few more methods we'd want to convert based on profiling, but I believe this represents the bulk of them.

src/Common/src/System/Net/WebSockets/ManagedWebSocket.cs

@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ private ValueTask SendFrameAsync(MessageOpcode opcode, bool endOfMessage, ReadOn
             // Similarly, it should be rare that there are multiple outstanding calls to SendFrameAsync, but if there are, again
             // fall back to the fallback path.
             return cancellationToken.CanBeCanceled || !_sendFrameAsyncLock.Wait(0) ?
-                new ValueTask(SendFrameFallbackAsync(opcode, endOfMessage, payloadBuffer, cancellationToken)) :
+                SendFrameFallbackAsync(opcode, endOfMessage, payloadBuffer, cancellationToken) :
                 SendFrameLockAcquiredNonCancelableAsync(opcode, endOfMessage, payloadBuffer);
         }
 
@@ -421,10 +421,10 @@ private ValueTask SendFrameLockAcquiredNonCancelableAsync(MessageOpcode opcode,
                 }
             }
 
-            return new ValueTask(WaitForWriteTaskAsync(writeTask));
+            return WaitForWriteTaskAsync(writeTask);
         }
 
-        private async Task WaitForWriteTaskAsync(ValueTask writeTask)
+        private async ValueTask WaitForWriteTaskAsync(ValueTask writeTask)
         {
             try
             {
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ private async Task WaitForWriteTaskAsync(ValueTask writeTask)
             }
         }
 
-        private async Task SendFrameFallbackAsync(MessageOpcode opcode, bool endOfMessage, ReadOnlyMemory<byte> payloadBuffer, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        private async ValueTask SendFrameFallbackAsync(MessageOpcode opcode, bool endOfMessage, ReadOnlyMemory<byte> payloadBuffer, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             await _sendFrameAsyncLock.WaitAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
             try
@@ -781,7 +781,7 @@ private async ValueTask<TWebSocketReceiveResult> ReceiveAsyncPrivate<TWebSocketR
         /// <summary>Processes a received close message.</summary>
         /// <param name="header">The message header.</param>
         /// <returns>The received result message.</returns>
-        private async Task HandleReceivedCloseAsync(MessageHeader header, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        private async ValueTask HandleReceivedCloseAsync(MessageHeader header, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             lock (StateUpdateLock)
             {
@@ -848,7 +848,7 @@ private async Task HandleReceivedCloseAsync(MessageHeader header, CancellationTo
         }
 
         /// <summary>Issues a read on the stream to wait for EOF.</summary>
-        private async Task WaitForServerToCloseConnectionAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        private async ValueTask WaitForServerToCloseConnectionAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             // Per RFC 6455 7.1.1, try to let the server close the connection.  We give it up to a second.
             // We simply issue a read and don't care what we get back; we could validate that we don't get
@@ -876,7 +876,7 @@ private async Task WaitForServerToCloseConnectionAsync(CancellationToken cancell
 
         /// <summary>Processes a received ping or pong message.</summary>
         /// <param name="header">The message header.</param>
-        private async Task HandleReceivedPingPongAsync(MessageHeader header, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        private async ValueTask HandleReceivedPingPongAsync(MessageHeader header, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             // Consume any (optional) payload associated with the ping/pong.
             if (header.PayloadLength > 0 && _receiveBufferCount < header.PayloadLength)
@@ -949,7 +949,7 @@ private static bool IsValidCloseStatus(WebSocketCloseStatus closeStatus)
         /// <param name="closeStatus">The close status code to use.</param>
         /// <param name="error">The error reason.</param>
         /// <param name="innerException">An optional inner exception to include in the thrown exception.</param>
-        private async Task CloseWithReceiveErrorAndThrowAsync(
+        private async ValueTask CloseWithReceiveErrorAndThrowAsync(
             WebSocketCloseStatus closeStatus, WebSocketError error, Exception innerException = null)
         {
             // Close the connection if it hasn't already been closed
@@ -1132,7 +1132,7 @@ private async Task CloseAsyncPrivate(WebSocketCloseStatus closeStatus, string st
         /// <param name="closeStatus">The close status to send.</param>
         /// <param name="closeStatusDescription">The close status description to send.</param>
         /// <param name="cancellationToken">The CancellationToken to use to cancel the websocket.</param>
-        private async Task SendCloseFrameAsync(WebSocketCloseStatus closeStatus, string closeStatusDescription, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        private async ValueTask SendCloseFrameAsync(WebSocketCloseStatus closeStatus, string closeStatusDescription, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             // Close payload is two bytes containing the close status followed by a UTF8-encoding of the status description, if it exists.
 
@@ -1193,7 +1193,7 @@ private void ConsumeFromBuffer(int count)
             _receiveBufferOffset += count;
         }
 
-        private async Task EnsureBufferContainsAsync(int minimumRequiredBytes, CancellationToken cancellationToken, bool throwOnPrematureClosure = true)
+        private async ValueTask EnsureBufferContainsAsync(int minimumRequiredBytes, CancellationToken cancellationToken, bool throwOnPrematureClosure = true)
         {
             Debug.Assert(minimumRequiredBytes <= _receiveBuffer.Length, $"Requested number of bytes {minimumRequiredBytes} must not exceed {_receiveBuffer.Length}");
 

src/System.IO.Compression.Brotli/src/System/IO/Compression/enc/BrotliStream.Compress.cs

@@ -76,12 +76,12 @@ public override Task WriteAsync(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count, Cancellati
             EnsureNoActiveAsyncOperation();
             EnsureNotDisposed();
 
-            return new ValueTask(cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested ?
-                Task.FromCanceled<int>(cancellationToken) :
-                WriteAsyncMemoryCore(buffer, cancellationToken));
+            return cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested ?
+                new ValueTask(Task.FromCanceled<int>(cancellationToken)) :
+                WriteAsyncMemoryCore(buffer, cancellationToken);
         }
 
-        private async Task WriteAsyncMemoryCore(ReadOnlyMemory<byte> buffer, CancellationToken cancellationToken, bool isFinalBlock = false)
+        private async ValueTask WriteAsyncMemoryCore(ReadOnlyMemory<byte> buffer, CancellationToken cancellationToken, bool isFinalBlock = false)
         {
             AsyncOperationStarting();
             try

src/System.IO.Compression/src/System/IO/Compression/DeflateZLib/DeflateStream.cs

@@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ private void PurgeBuffers(bool disposing)
             }
         }
 
-        private async Task PurgeBuffersAsync()
+        private async ValueTask PurgeBuffersAsync()
         {
             // Same logic as PurgeBuffers, except with async counterparts.
 
@@ -809,12 +809,12 @@ internal ValueTask WriteAsyncMemory(ReadOnlyMemory<byte> buffer, CancellationTok
             EnsureNoActiveAsyncOperation();
             EnsureNotDisposed();
 
-            return new ValueTask(cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested ?
-                Task.FromCanceled<int>(cancellationToken) :
-                WriteAsyncMemoryCore(buffer, cancellationToken));
+            return cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested ?
+                new ValueTask(Task.FromCanceled<int>(cancellationToken)) :
+                WriteAsyncMemoryCore(buffer, cancellationToken);
         }
 
-        private async Task WriteAsyncMemoryCore(ReadOnlyMemory<byte> buffer, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        private async ValueTask WriteAsyncMemoryCore(ReadOnlyMemory<byte> buffer, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             AsyncOperationStarting();
             try
@@ -838,7 +838,7 @@ private async Task WriteAsyncMemoryCore(ReadOnlyMemory<byte> buffer, Cancellatio
         /// <summary>
         /// Writes the bytes that have already been deflated
         /// </summary>
-        private async Task WriteDeflaterOutputAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        private async ValueTask WriteDeflaterOutputAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             Debug.Assert(_deflater != null && _buffer != null);
             while (!_deflater.NeedsInput())

src/System.Net.Http/src/System/Net/Http/SocketsHttpHandler/AuthenticationHelper.cs

@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ private static void SetBasicAuthToken(HttpRequestMessage request, NetworkCredent
             SetRequestAuthenticationHeaderValue(request, new AuthenticationHeaderValue(BasicScheme, base64AuthString), isProxyAuth);
         }
 
-        private static async Task<bool> TrySetDigestAuthToken(HttpRequestMessage request, NetworkCredential credential, DigestResponse digestResponse, bool isProxyAuth)
+        private static async ValueTask<bool> TrySetDigestAuthToken(HttpRequestMessage request, NetworkCredential credential, DigestResponse digestResponse, bool isProxyAuth)
         {
             string parameter = await GetDigestTokenForCredential(credential, request, digestResponse).ConfigureAwait(false);
 

src/System.Net.Http/src/System/Net/Http/SocketsHttpHandler/ChunkedEncodingReadStream.cs

@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ private enum ParsingState : byte
 
             public override bool NeedsDrain => (_connection != null);
 
-            public override async Task<bool> DrainAsync(int maxDrainBytes)
+            public override async ValueTask<bool> DrainAsync(int maxDrainBytes)
             {
                 Debug.Assert(_connection != null);
 

src/System.Net.Http/src/System/Net/Http/SocketsHttpHandler/ChunkedEncodingWriteStream.cs

@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ public override ValueTask WriteAsync(ReadOnlyMemory<byte> buffer, CancellationTo
                     // Don't write if nothing was given, especially since we don't want to accidentally send a 0 chunk,
                     // which would indicate end of body.  Instead, just ensure no content is stuck in the buffer.
                     connection.FlushAsync() :
-                    new ValueTask(WriteChunkAsync(connection, buffer));
+                    WriteChunkAsync(connection, buffer);
 
                 return task;
 
-                static async Task WriteChunkAsync(HttpConnection connection, ReadOnlyMemory<byte> buffer)
+                static async ValueTask WriteChunkAsync(HttpConnection connection, ReadOnlyMemory<byte> buffer)
                 {
                     // Write chunk length in hex followed by \r\n
                     await connection.WriteHexInt32Async(buffer.Length).ConfigureAwait(false);
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ static async Task WriteChunkAsync(HttpConnection connection, ReadOnlyMemory<byte
                 }
             }
 
-            public override async Task FinishAsync()
+            public override async ValueTask FinishAsync()
             {
                 // Send 0 byte chunk to indicate end, then final CrLf
                 HttpConnection connection = GetConnectionOrThrow();

src/System.Net.Http/src/System/Net/Http/SocketsHttpHandler/ContentLengthReadStream.cs

@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ private ReadOnlyMemory<byte> ReadFromConnectionBuffer(int maxBytesToRead)
 
             public override bool NeedsDrain => (_connection != null);
 
-            public override async Task<bool> DrainAsync(int maxDrainBytes)
+            public override async ValueTask<bool> DrainAsync(int maxDrainBytes)
             {
                 Debug.Assert(_connection != null);
                 Debug.Assert(_contentBytesRemaining > 0);

src/System.Net.Http/src/System/Net/Http/SocketsHttpHandler/ContentLengthWriteStream.cs

@@ -23,13 +23,13 @@ public override ValueTask WriteAsync(ReadOnlyMemory<byte> buffer, CancellationTo
                 // that are still buffered.
                 HttpConnection connection = GetConnectionOrThrow();
                 Debug.Assert(connection._currentRequest != null);
-                return new ValueTask(connection.WriteAsync(buffer));
+                return connection.WriteAsync(buffer);
             }
 
-            public override Task FinishAsync()
+            public override ValueTask FinishAsync()
             {
                 _connection = null;
-                return Task.CompletedTask;
+                return default;
             }
         }
     }

src/System.Net.Http/src/System/Net/Http/SocketsHttpHandler/CreditManager.cs

@@ -64,9 +64,9 @@ public ValueTask<int> RequestCreditAsync(int amount, CancellationToken cancellat
                 var waiter = new Waiter { Amount = amount };
                 (_waiters ??= new Queue<Waiter>()).Enqueue(waiter);
 
-                return new ValueTask<int>(cancellationToken.CanBeCanceled ?
-                                          waiter.WaitWithCancellationAsync(cancellationToken) :
-                                          waiter.Task);
+                return cancellationToken.CanBeCanceled ?
+                    waiter.WaitWithCancellationAsync(cancellationToken) :
+                    new ValueTask<int>(waiter.Task);
             }
         }
 

src/System.Net.Http/src/System/Net/Http/SocketsHttpHandler/Http2Connection.cs

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ public Http2Connection(HttpConnectionPool pool, Stream stream)
 
         private object SyncObject => _httpStreams;
 
-        public async Task SetupAsync()
+        public async ValueTask SetupAsync()
         {
             _outgoingBuffer.EnsureAvailableSpace(s_http2ConnectionPreface.Length +
                 FrameHeader.Size + (FrameHeader.SettingLength * 2) +
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ public async Task SetupAsync()
             _ = ProcessIncomingFramesAsync();
         }
 
-        private async Task EnsureIncomingBytesAsync(int minReadBytes)
+        private async ValueTask EnsureIncomingBytesAsync(int minReadBytes)
         {
             if (NetEventSource.IsEnabled) Trace($"{nameof(minReadBytes)}={minReadBytes}");
             if (_incomingBuffer.ActiveLength >= minReadBytes)
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ private Http2Stream GetStream(int streamId)
             }
         }
 
-        private async Task ProcessHeadersFrame(FrameHeader frameHeader)
+        private async ValueTask ProcessHeadersFrame(FrameHeader frameHeader)
         {
             if (NetEventSource.IsEnabled) Trace($"{frameHeader}");
             Debug.Assert(frameHeader.Type == FrameType.Headers);
@@ -783,7 +783,7 @@ private void EndWrite(bool forceFlush)
             }
         }
 
-        private async Task AcquireWriteLockAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        private async ValueTask AcquireWriteLockAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             Task acquireLockTask = _writerLock.WaitAsync(cancellationToken);
             if (!acquireLockTask.IsCompletedSuccessfully)

src/System.Net.Http/src/System/Net/Http/SocketsHttpHandler/Http2Stream.cs

@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ public async Task SendRequestBodyAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
             // We can either get 100 response from server and send body
             // or we may exceed timeout and send request body anyway.
             // If we get response status >= 300, we will not send the request body.
-            public async Task<bool> WaitFor100ContinueAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+            public async ValueTask<bool> WaitFor100ContinueAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
             {
                 Debug.Assert(_request.Content != null);
                 if (NetEventSource.IsEnabled) Trace($"Waiting to send request body content for 100-Continue.");
@@ -969,7 +969,7 @@ private void CopyTrailersToResponseMessage(HttpResponseMessage responseMessage)
                 }
             }
 
-            private async Task SendDataAsync(ReadOnlyMemory<byte> buffer, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+            private async ValueTask SendDataAsync(ReadOnlyMemory<byte> buffer, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
             {
                 ReadOnlyMemory<byte> remaining = buffer;
 
@@ -1047,11 +1047,11 @@ private ValueTask GetWaiterTask(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
                 // if it is cancelable, then register for the cancellation callback, allocate a task for the asynchronously
                 // completing case, etc.
                 return cancellationToken.CanBeCanceled ?
-                    new ValueTask(GetCancelableWaiterTask(cancellationToken)) :
+                    GetCancelableWaiterTask(cancellationToken) :
                     new ValueTask(this, _waitSource.Version);
             }
 
-            private async Task GetCancelableWaiterTask(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+            private async ValueTask GetCancelableWaiterTask(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
             {
                 using (cancellationToken.UnsafeRegister(s =>
                 {
@@ -1213,7 +1213,7 @@ public override ValueTask WriteAsync(ReadOnlyMemory<byte> buffer, CancellationTo
                         return new ValueTask(Task.FromException(new ObjectDisposedException(nameof(Http2WriteStream))));
                     }
 
-                    return new ValueTask(http2Stream.SendDataAsync(buffer, cancellationToken));
+                    return http2Stream.SendDataAsync(buffer, cancellationToken);
                 }
 
                 public override Task FlushAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)

src/System.Net.Http/src/System/Net/Http/SocketsHttpHandler/HttpConnection.cs

@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ private void ConsumeFromRemainingBuffer(int bytesToConsume)
             _readOffset += bytesToConsume;
         }
 
-        private async Task WriteHeadersAsync(HttpHeaders headers, string cookiesFromContainer)
+        private async ValueTask WriteHeadersAsync(HttpHeaders headers, string cookiesFromContainer)
         {
             if (headers.HeaderStore != null)
             {
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ private async Task WriteHeadersAsync(HttpHeaders headers, string cookiesFromCont
             }
         }
 
-        private async Task WriteHostHeaderAsync(Uri uri)
+        private async ValueTask WriteHostHeaderAsync(Uri uri)
         {
             await WriteBytesAsync(KnownHeaders.Host.AsciiBytesWithColonSpace).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
@@ -773,7 +773,7 @@ private CancellationTokenRegistration RegisterCancellation(CancellationToken can
 
         private static bool IsLineEmpty(ArraySegment<byte> line) => line.Count == 0;
 
-        private async Task SendRequestContentAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpContentWriteStream stream, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        private async ValueTask SendRequestContentAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpContentWriteStream stream, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             // Now that we're sending content, prohibit retries on this connection.
             _canRetry = false;
@@ -986,7 +986,7 @@ private void WriteToBuffer(ReadOnlyMemory<byte> source)
             _writeOffset += source.Length;
         }
 
-        private async Task WriteAsync(ReadOnlyMemory<byte> source)
+        private async ValueTask WriteAsync(ReadOnlyMemory<byte> source)
         {
             int remaining = _writeBuffer.Length - _writeOffset;
 
@@ -1063,10 +1063,10 @@ private ValueTask WriteWithoutBufferingAsync(ReadOnlyMemory<byte> source)
 
             // There's data in the write buffer and the data we're writing doesn't fit after it.
             // Do two writes, one to flush the buffer and then another to write the supplied content.
-            return new ValueTask(FlushThenWriteWithoutBufferingAsync(source));
+            return FlushThenWriteWithoutBufferingAsync(source);
         }
 
-        private async Task FlushThenWriteWithoutBufferingAsync(ReadOnlyMemory<byte> source)
+        private async ValueTask FlushThenWriteWithoutBufferingAsync(ReadOnlyMemory<byte> source)
         {
             await FlushAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
             await WriteToStreamAsync(source).ConfigureAwait(false);
@@ -1405,7 +1405,7 @@ private void Fill()
         }
 
         // Throws IOException on EOF.  This is only called when we expect more data.
-        private async Task FillAsync()
+        private async ValueTask FillAsync()
         {
             Debug.Assert(_readAheadTask == null);
 
@@ -1598,7 +1598,7 @@ private async ValueTask<int> ReadBufferedAsyncCore(Memory<byte> destination)
             return bytesToCopy;
         }
 
-        private async Task CopyFromBufferAsync(Stream destination, int count, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        private async ValueTask CopyFromBufferAsync(Stream destination, int count, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             Debug.Assert(count <= _readLength - _readOffset);
 
@@ -1768,7 +1768,7 @@ private void CompleteResponse()
             }
         }
 
-        public async Task DrainResponseAsync(HttpResponseMessage response)
+        public async ValueTask DrainResponseAsync(HttpResponseMessage response)
         {
             Debug.Assert(_inUse);