Move __CPROVER_uninterpreted_* conversion to C type checker

[tautschnig]

We already had type checking of mathematical_function types to support lambda expressions. Special-case symbols with name __CPROVER_uninterpreted_* will now also produce these types. GOTO conversion will no longer give specific treatment to function calls with symbol name __CPROVER_uninterpreted_*.

• Each commit message has a non-empty body, explaining why the change was made.
• n/a Methods or procedures I have added are documented, following the guidelines provided in CODING_STANDARD.md.
• n/a The feature or user visible behaviour I have added or modified has been documented in the User Guide in doc/cprover-manual/
• Regression or unit tests are included, or existing tests cover the modified code (in this case I have detailed which ones those are in the commit message).
• n/a My commit message includes data points confirming performance improvements (if claimed).
• My PR is restricted to a single feature or bugfix.
• n/a White-space or formatting changes outside the feature-related changed lines are in commits of their own.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 86.95652% with 3 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 78.12%. Comparing base (8bab263) to head (116c66d).

Files	Patch %	Lines
src/ansi-c/c_typecheck_expr.cpp	66.66%	3 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           develop    #8280      +/-   ##
===========================================
- Coverage    78.23%   78.12%   -0.11%     
===========================================
  Files         1722     1722              
  Lines       188692   188936     +244     
  Branches     18452    18461       +9     
===========================================
- Hits        147615   147609       -6     
- Misses       41077    41327     +250     

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

[remi-delmas-3000]

We already had type checking of mathematical_function types to support lambda expressions. Special-case symbols with name _CPROVER_uninterpreted* will now also produce these types.

What does this mean in practice ? What does it enable for the user ?