Support geoarrow array input into viz() (#427)

Closes #425, blocked
on apache/arrow#38010 (comment).
The main issue is that we need a reliable way to maintain the geoarrow
extension metadata through FFI. The easiest way would be if `pa.field()`
were able to support `__arrow_c_schema__` input. Or alternatively, one
option is to have a context manager of sorts to register global pyarrow
geoarrow extension arrays, and then deregister them after use.

lonboard/_viz.py

@@ -46,6 +46,11 @@ class GeoInterfaceProtocol(Protocol):
         @property
         def __geo_interface__(self) -> dict: ...
 
+    class ArrowArrayExportable(Protocol):
+        def __arrow_c_array__(
+            self, requested_schema: object | None = None
+        ) -> Tuple[object, object]: ...
+
     class ArrowStreamExportable(Protocol):
         def __arrow_c_stream__(
             self, requested_schema: object | None = None
@@ -187,6 +192,11 @@ def create_layer_from_data_input(
     if isinstance(data, shapely.geometry.base.BaseGeometry):
         return _viz_shapely_scalar(data, **kwargs)
 
+    # Anything with __arrow_c_array__
+    if hasattr(data, "__arrow_c_array__"):
+        data = cast("ArrowArrayExportable", data)
+        return _viz_geoarrow_array(data, **kwargs)
+
     # Anything with __arrow_c_stream__
     if hasattr(data, "__arrow_c_stream__"):
         data = cast("ArrowStreamExportable", data)
@@ -296,6 +306,52 @@ def _viz_geo_interface(
     raise ValueError(f"type '{geo_interface_type}' not supported.")
 
 
+def _viz_geoarrow_array(
+    data: ArrowArrayExportable,
+    **kwargs,
+) -> Union[ScatterplotLayer, PathLayer, SolidPolygonLayer]:
+    schema_capsule, array_capsule = data.__arrow_c_array__()
+
+    # If the user doesn't have pyarrow extension types registered for geoarrow types,
+    # `pa.array()` will lose the extension metadata. Instead, we manually persist the
+    # extension metadata by extracting both the field and the array.
+
+    class ArrayHolder:
+        schema_capsule: object
+        array_capsule: object
+
+        def __init__(self, schema_capsule, array_capsule) -> None:
+            self.schema_capsule = schema_capsule
+            self.array_capsule = array_capsule
+
+        def __arrow_c_array__(self, requested_schema):
+            return self.schema_capsule, self.array_capsule
+
+    if not hasattr(pa.Field, "_import_from_c_capsule"):
+        raise KeyError(
+            "Incompatible version of pyarrow: pa.Field does not have"
+            "  _import_from_c_capsule method"
+        )
+
+    field = pa.Field._import_from_c_capsule(schema_capsule)
+    array = pa.array(ArrayHolder(field.__arrow_c_schema__(), array_capsule))
+    schema = pa.schema([field.with_name("geometry")])
+    table = pa.Table.from_arrays([array], schema=schema)
+
+    num_rows = len(array)
+    if num_rows <= np.iinfo(np.uint8).max:
+        arange_col = np.arange(num_rows, dtype=np.uint8)
+    elif num_rows <= np.iinfo(np.uint16).max:
+        arange_col = np.arange(num_rows, dtype=np.uint16)
+    elif num_rows <= np.iinfo(np.uint32).max:
+        arange_col = np.arange(num_rows, dtype=np.uint32)
+    else:
+        arange_col = np.arange(num_rows, dtype=np.uint64)
+
+    table = table.append_column("row_index", pa.array(arange_col))
+    return _viz_geoarrow_table(table, **kwargs)
+
+
 def _viz_geoarrow_table(
     table: pa.Table,
     *,

tests/test_viz.py

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 import geodatasets
 import geopandas as gpd
+from geoarrow.rust.core import read_pyogrio
 from pyogrio.raw import read_arrow
 
 from lonboard import SolidPolygonLayer, viz
 
 
-def test_viz_wkb_geoarrow():
+def test_viz_wkb_pyarrow():
     path = geodatasets.get_path("naturalearth.land")
     meta, table = read_arrow(path)
     map_ = viz(table)
@@ -37,3 +38,23 @@ def __geo_interface__(self):
     map_ = viz(geo_interface_obj)
 
     assert isinstance(map_.layers[0], SolidPolygonLayer)
+
+
+def test_viz_geoarrow_rust_table():
+    table = read_pyogrio(geodatasets.get_path("naturalearth.land"))
+    map_ = viz(table)
+    assert isinstance(map_.layers[0], SolidPolygonLayer)
+
+
+def test_viz_geoarrow_rust_array():
+    table = read_pyogrio(geodatasets.get_path("naturalearth.land"))
+    map_ = viz(table.geometry.chunk(0))
+    assert isinstance(map_.layers[0], SolidPolygonLayer)
+
+
+def test_viz_geoarrow_rust_wkb_array():
+    table = read_pyogrio(geodatasets.get_path("naturalearth.land"))
+    arr = table.geometry.chunk(0)
+    wkb_arr = arr.to_wkb()
+    map_ = viz(wkb_arr)
+    assert isinstance(map_.layers[0], SolidPolygonLayer)