perf: store/cachekv: avoid a map lookup if unnecessary, clear maps fast, avoid keys sort

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -50,6 +50,10 @@ Ref: https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/
 * [\#10326](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/pull/10326) `x/authz` add query all grants by granter query.
 * [\#10348](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/pull/10348) Add `fee.{payer,granter}` and `tip` fields to StdSignDoc for signing tipped transactions.
 
+### Improvements
+
+* [\#10486](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/pull/10486) store/cachekv's `Store.Write` conservatively looks up keys, but also uses the [map clearing idiom](https://bencher.orijtech.com/perfclinic/mapclearing/) to reduce the RAM usage, CPU time usage, and garbage collection pressure from clearing maps, instead of allocating new maps.
+
 ### API Breaking Changes
 
 * (x/mint) [\#10441](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/pull/10441) The `NewAppModule` function now accepts an inflation calculation function as an argument.

store/cachekv/store.go

@@ -114,22 +114,34 @@ func (store *Store) Write() {
 	// TODO: Consider allowing usage of Batch, which would allow the write to
 	// at least happen atomically.
 	for _, key := range keys {
-		cacheValue := store.cache[key]
-
-		switch {
-		case store.isDeleted(key):
+		if store.isDeleted(key) {
+			// We use []byte(key) instead of conv.UnsafeStrToBytes because we cannot
+			// be sure if the underlying store might do a save with the byteslice or
+			// not. Once we get confirmation that .Delete is guaranteed not to
+			// save the byteslice, then we can assume only a read-only copy is sufficient.
 			store.parent.Delete([]byte(key))
-		case cacheValue.value == nil:
-			// Skip, it already doesn't exist in parent.
-		default:
+			continue
+		}
+
+		cacheValue := store.cache[key]
+		if cacheValue.value != nil {
+			// It already exists in the parent, hence delete it.
 			store.parent.Set([]byte(key), cacheValue.value)
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Clear the cache
-	store.cache = make(map[string]*cValue)
-	store.deleted = make(map[string]struct{})
-	store.unsortedCache = make(map[string]struct{})
+	// Clear the cache using the map clearing idiom
+	// and not allocating fresh objects.
+	// Please see https://bencher.orijtech.com/perfclinic/mapclearing/
+	for key := range store.cache {
+		delete(store.cache, key)
+	}
+	for key := range store.deleted {
+		delete(store.deleted, key)
+	}
+	for key := range store.unsortedCache {
+		delete(store.unsortedCache, key)
+	}
 	store.sortedCache = dbm.NewMemDB()
 }