Fix cmake build --config XXXX for multi-config with hardcoded configurations

[memsharded]

Changelog: Fix: Allow cmake.build(build_type="Release") for recipes built with multi-config systems but without build_type setting.
Docs: Omit

Investigation on #14349

[thorsten-klein]

👍🏻

Note 1:

It seems that in presets.py the CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE of the toolchain is always overwritten by the value of the profile setting.
Is this behavior intended?

Note 2:
There are currently 2 possible places within conanfile.py where the build_type / CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE can defined.

1. tc.cache_variables["CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE"] = "MinSizeRel"
2. cmake.build(build_type="Release")
   The second one only has some effect if is_multi_configuration. This might be confusing for users.

My expected behavior:
priorities for value of CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:

1. tc.cache_variables["CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE"]
2. 'build_type' if build_type is considered under settings
3. None (empty)

*Proposed changes:
I have extended your test in order to reproduce & align to my expected behavior:
memsharded/conan@fix/cmake_build_configs...thorsten-klein:conan:fix/cmake_build_configs

[memsharded]

I have had a look to your code in your branch extending the test and your comment:

My expected behavior:
priorities for value of CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:

tc.cache_variables["CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE"]
'build_type' if build_type is considered under settings

I am afraid this is against Conan design. The behavior for Conan is that downstream/consumer definitions should always have precedence over recipes definition. In this case, the profile build_type, if specified, should be applied to recipes, as long as recipes depend on it settings = ..., "build_type". What is not correct is that the profile defines build_type=Release, this is also stored in the conaninfo.txt and implies a package_id, but being changed under the hood so the package binary is actually using a different build-type like MinSizeRel without Conan being aware of it in the binary representation. This cannot happen.

[memsharded]

I see there are still some unknowns, I have done a review in memsharded#51 (review)