Add specialized matrix transform for Vector3 and Matrix3x3

[lloydk]

Adds a specialized matrix multiplication function (transform) that transforms an array of length 3 with a 3x3 matrix. The specialized function can also transform the array in place which can eliminate one array allocation.

The https://github.com/texel-org/color color library has a benchmark comparing itself to Color.js.

Profiling the conversion benchmark showed that matrix multiplication was one of the areas that was taking the most amount of time.

This PR speeds up the conversion benchmark by more than 3x and some of the other benchmarks by 2-3x.

Benchmark numbers before this PR:

conversion (Colorjs.io procedural API) --
Colorjs.io: 6213.74 ms
Ours: 733.75 ms
Speedup: 8.5x faster

conversion (Colorjs.io main API) --
Colorjs.io: 25444.47 ms
Ours: 703.50 ms
Speedup: 36.2x faster

gamut mapping OKLCH - sRGB (Colorjs.io procedural API) -- Colorjs.io: 13302.80 ms
Ours: 72.97 ms
Speedup: 182.3x faster

gamut mapping OKLCH - sRGB (Colorjs.io main API) -- Colorjs.io: 14900.11 ms
Ours: 67.78 ms
Speedup: 219.8x faster

gamut mapping all spaces to P3 (Colorjs.io procedural API) -- Colorjs.io: 10878.26 ms
Ours: 201.85 ms
Speedup: 53.9x faster

gamut mapping all spaces to P3 (Colorjs.io main API) -- Colorjs.io: 13731.21 ms
Ours: 201.76 ms
Speedup: 68.1x faster

After this PR:

conversion (Colorjs.io procedural API) --
Colorjs.io: 1793.97 ms
Ours: 713.03 ms
Speedup: 2.5x faster

conversion (Colorjs.io main API) --
Colorjs.io: 19884.18 ms
Ours: 704.59 ms
Speedup: 28.2x faster

gamut mapping OKLCH - sRGB (Colorjs.io procedural API) -- Colorjs.io: 4981.04 ms
Ours: 74.01 ms
Speedup: 67.3x faster

gamut mapping OKLCH - sRGB (Colorjs.io main API) -- Colorjs.io: 6477.12 ms
Ours: 68.02 ms
Speedup: 95.2x faster

gamut mapping all spaces to P3 (Colorjs.io procedural API) -- Colorjs.io: 4205.36 ms
Ours: 202.27 ms
Speedup: 20.8x faster

gamut mapping all spaces to P3 (Colorjs.io main API) -- Colorjs.io: 6137.99 ms
Ours: 199.91 ms
Speedup: 30.7x faster

There are still some color spaces that haven't been switched over to use the transform function. Assuming we want to proceed with this PR I'll create a separate PR to deal with the remaining spaces.

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[facelessuser]

Looks good to me.

[LeaVerou]

Thanks for working on this! LGTM, one nit is that the name transform() seems a bit too generic.

[lloydk]

Thanks for working on this! LGTM, one nit is that the name transform() seems a bit too generic.

I agree but wasn't sure what to call it, I was hoping someone would suggest a better name 😃

[LeaVerou]

Thanks for working on this! LGTM, one nit is that the name transform() seems a bit too generic.

I agree but wasn't sure what to call it, I was hoping someone would suggest a better name 😃

It multiplies a vector of length 3 with a 3x3 matrix, right? What about multiply3() or multiply_3x3() or multiply_v3_m3x3() or multiply_3_3x3()?