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config: enable 9P_FSCACHE #3

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egernst
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@egernst egernst commented Aug 28, 2017

We need this config update in order to enable 9P mounts to be r/w. Today they are read only, which results in many failed container workloads.

9P FS cache is required to help enable 9p mounts
in the clear container's guest OS to be read/writable.

Signed-off-by: Eric Ernst <eric.ernst@intel.com>
@jcvenegas
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@egernst so this PR + clearcontainers/agent#93 = fix issues like intel/cc-oci-runtime#669 ?

@sboeuf
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sboeuf commented Aug 28, 2017

LGTM

@mcastelino
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@egernst is there a dependency between this and clearcontainers/agent#93
Can the new agent work with an older kernel? If so we need to somehow mark that agent-kernel dependency.

@egernst
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egernst commented Aug 28, 2017

@mcastelino - I'll test that and clarify.

@miguelinux
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@egernst @sboeuf @mcastelino @jcvenegas

I just open an Issue and a PR from this in the packaging project.

clearcontainers/packaging#76
clearcontainers/packaging#77

Could you follow this Issue and PR there pelase.

@grahamwhaley grahamwhaley self-requested a review August 29, 2017 10:46
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Until we have resolved clearcontainers/agent#93 I'm going to mark this as 'request changes' to make it clear we may not want to merge yet...

@egernst
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egernst commented Aug 29, 2017

From my measurements, I think we should look @ using mmap instead of fscache as the caching option on 9P. Based on this, no kernel updates are required (good news!). Closing this PR.

@egernst egernst closed this Aug 29, 2017
miguelinux pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Sep 19, 2017
[ Upstream commit 120e9da ]

syszkaller team reported another problem in DCCP [1]

Problem here is that the structure holding RTO timer
(ccid2_hc_tx_rto_expire() handler) is freed too soon.

We can not use del_timer_sync() to cancel the timer
since this timer wants to grab socket lock (that would risk a dead lock)

Solution is to defer the freeing of memory when all references to
the socket were released. Socket timers do own a reference, so this
should fix the issue.

[1]

==================================================================
BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in ccid2_hc_tx_rto_expire+0x51c/0x5c0 net/dccp/ccids/ccid2.c:144
Read of size 4 at addr ffff8801d2660540 by task kworker/u4:7/3365

CPU: 1 PID: 3365 Comm: kworker/u4:7 Not tainted 4.13.0-rc4+ #3
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 01/01/2011
Workqueue: events_unbound call_usermodehelper_exec_work
Call Trace:
 <IRQ>
 __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:16 [inline]
 dump_stack+0x194/0x257 lib/dump_stack.c:52
 print_address_description+0x73/0x250 mm/kasan/report.c:252
 kasan_report_error mm/kasan/report.c:351 [inline]
 kasan_report+0x24e/0x340 mm/kasan/report.c:409
 __asan_report_load4_noabort+0x14/0x20 mm/kasan/report.c:429
 ccid2_hc_tx_rto_expire+0x51c/0x5c0 net/dccp/ccids/ccid2.c:144
 call_timer_fn+0x233/0x830 kernel/time/timer.c:1268
 expire_timers kernel/time/timer.c:1307 [inline]
 __run_timers+0x7fd/0xb90 kernel/time/timer.c:1601
 run_timer_softirq+0x21/0x80 kernel/time/timer.c:1614
 __do_softirq+0x2f5/0xba3 kernel/softirq.c:284
 invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:364 [inline]
 irq_exit+0x1cc/0x200 kernel/softirq.c:405
 exiting_irq arch/x86/include/asm/apic.h:638 [inline]
 smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x76/0xa0 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1044
 apic_timer_interrupt+0x93/0xa0 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:702
RIP: 0010:arch_local_irq_enable arch/x86/include/asm/paravirt.h:824 [inline]
RIP: 0010:__raw_write_unlock_irq include/linux/rwlock_api_smp.h:267 [inline]
RIP: 0010:_raw_write_unlock_irq+0x56/0x70 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:343
RSP: 0018:ffff8801cd50eaa8 EFLAGS: 00000286 ORIG_RAX: ffffffffffffff10
RAX: dffffc0000000000 RBX: ffffffff85a090c0 RCX: 0000000000000006
RDX: 1ffffffff0b595f3 RSI: 1ffff1003962f989 RDI: ffffffff85acaf98
RBP: ffff8801cd50eab0 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffff8801cc96ea60
R13: dffffc0000000000 R14: ffff8801cc96e4c0 R15: ffff8801cc96e4c0
 </IRQ>
 release_task+0xe9e/0x1a40 kernel/exit.c:220
 wait_task_zombie kernel/exit.c:1162 [inline]
 wait_consider_task+0x29b8/0x33c0 kernel/exit.c:1389
 do_wait_thread kernel/exit.c:1452 [inline]
 do_wait+0x441/0xa90 kernel/exit.c:1523
 kernel_wait4+0x1f5/0x370 kernel/exit.c:1665
 SYSC_wait4+0x134/0x140 kernel/exit.c:1677
 SyS_wait4+0x2c/0x40 kernel/exit.c:1673
 call_usermodehelper_exec_sync kernel/kmod.c:286 [inline]
 call_usermodehelper_exec_work+0x1a0/0x2c0 kernel/kmod.c:323
 process_one_work+0xbf3/0x1bc0 kernel/workqueue.c:2097
 worker_thread+0x223/0x1860 kernel/workqueue.c:2231
 kthread+0x35e/0x430 kernel/kthread.c:231
 ret_from_fork+0x2a/0x40 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:425

Allocated by task 21267:
 save_stack_trace+0x16/0x20 arch/x86/kernel/stacktrace.c:59
 save_stack+0x43/0xd0 mm/kasan/kasan.c:447
 set_track mm/kasan/kasan.c:459 [inline]
 kasan_kmalloc+0xad/0xe0 mm/kasan/kasan.c:551
 kasan_slab_alloc+0x12/0x20 mm/kasan/kasan.c:489
 kmem_cache_alloc+0x127/0x750 mm/slab.c:3561
 ccid_new+0x20e/0x390 net/dccp/ccid.c:151
 dccp_hdlr_ccid+0x27/0x140 net/dccp/feat.c:44
 __dccp_feat_activate+0x142/0x2a0 net/dccp/feat.c:344
 dccp_feat_activate_values+0x34e/0xa90 net/dccp/feat.c:1538
 dccp_rcv_request_sent_state_process net/dccp/input.c:472 [inline]
 dccp_rcv_state_process+0xed1/0x1620 net/dccp/input.c:677
 dccp_v4_do_rcv+0xeb/0x160 net/dccp/ipv4.c:679
 sk_backlog_rcv include/net/sock.h:911 [inline]
 __release_sock+0x124/0x360 net/core/sock.c:2269
 release_sock+0xa4/0x2a0 net/core/sock.c:2784
 inet_wait_for_connect net/ipv4/af_inet.c:557 [inline]
 __inet_stream_connect+0x671/0xf00 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:643
 inet_stream_connect+0x58/0xa0 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:682
 SYSC_connect+0x204/0x470 net/socket.c:1642
 SyS_connect+0x24/0x30 net/socket.c:1623
 entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x1f/0xbe

Freed by task 3049:
 save_stack_trace+0x16/0x20 arch/x86/kernel/stacktrace.c:59
 save_stack+0x43/0xd0 mm/kasan/kasan.c:447
 set_track mm/kasan/kasan.c:459 [inline]
 kasan_slab_free+0x71/0xc0 mm/kasan/kasan.c:524
 __cache_free mm/slab.c:3503 [inline]
 kmem_cache_free+0x77/0x280 mm/slab.c:3763
 ccid_hc_tx_delete+0xc5/0x100 net/dccp/ccid.c:190
 dccp_destroy_sock+0x1d1/0x2b0 net/dccp/proto.c:225
 inet_csk_destroy_sock+0x166/0x3f0 net/ipv4/inet_connection_sock.c:833
 dccp_done+0xb7/0xd0 net/dccp/proto.c:145
 dccp_time_wait+0x13d/0x300 net/dccp/minisocks.c:72
 dccp_rcv_reset+0x1d1/0x5b0 net/dccp/input.c:160
 dccp_rcv_state_process+0x8fc/0x1620 net/dccp/input.c:663
 dccp_v4_do_rcv+0xeb/0x160 net/dccp/ipv4.c:679
 sk_backlog_rcv include/net/sock.h:911 [inline]
 __sk_receive_skb+0x33e/0xc00 net/core/sock.c:521
 dccp_v4_rcv+0xef1/0x1c00 net/dccp/ipv4.c:871
 ip_local_deliver_finish+0x2e2/0xba0 net/ipv4/ip_input.c:216
 NF_HOOK include/linux/netfilter.h:248 [inline]
 ip_local_deliver+0x1ce/0x6d0 net/ipv4/ip_input.c:257
 dst_input include/net/dst.h:477 [inline]
 ip_rcv_finish+0x8db/0x19c0 net/ipv4/ip_input.c:397
 NF_HOOK include/linux/netfilter.h:248 [inline]
 ip_rcv+0xc3f/0x17d0 net/ipv4/ip_input.c:488
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x19af/0x33d0 net/core/dev.c:4417
 __netif_receive_skb+0x2c/0x1b0 net/core/dev.c:4455
 process_backlog+0x203/0x740 net/core/dev.c:5130
 napi_poll net/core/dev.c:5527 [inline]
 net_rx_action+0x792/0x1910 net/core/dev.c:5593
 __do_softirq+0x2f5/0xba3 kernel/softirq.c:284

The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff8801d2660100
 which belongs to the cache ccid2_hc_tx_sock of size 1240
The buggy address is located 1088 bytes inside of
 1240-byte region [ffff8801d2660100, ffff8801d26605d8)
The buggy address belongs to the page:
page:ffffea0007499800 count:1 mapcount:0 mapping:ffff8801d2660100 index:0x0 compound_mapcount: 0
flags: 0x200000000008100(slab|head)
raw: 0200000000008100 ffff8801d2660100 0000000000000000 0000000100000005
raw: ffffea00075271a0 ffffea0007538820 ffff8801d3aef9c0 0000000000000000
page dumped because: kasan: bad access detected

Memory state around the buggy address:
 ffff8801d2660400: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
 ffff8801d2660480: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
>ffff8801d2660500: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
                                           ^
 ffff8801d2660580: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fc fc fc fc fc
 ffff8801d2660600: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc
==================================================================

Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Reported-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Gerrit Renker <gerrit@erg.abdn.ac.uk>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
miguelinux pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Oct 16, 2017
commit 656d61c upstream.

printk_ratelimit() invokes ___ratelimit() which may invoke a normal
printk() (pr_warn() in this particular case) to warn about suppressed
output.  Given that printk_ratelimit() may be called from anywhere, that
pr_warn() is dangerous - it may end up deadlocking the system.  Fix
___ratelimit() by using deferred printk().

Sasha reported the following lockdep error:

 : Unregister pv shared memory for cpu 8
 : select_fallback_rq: 3 callbacks suppressed
 : process 8583 (trinity-c78) no longer affine to cpu8
 :
 : ======================================================
 : WARNING: possible circular locking dependency detected
 : 4.14.0-rc2-next-20170927+ torvalds#252 Not tainted
 : ------------------------------------------------------
 : migration/8/62 is trying to acquire lock:
 : (&port_lock_key){-.-.}, at: serial8250_console_write()
 :
 : but task is already holding lock:
 : (&rq->lock){-.-.}, at: sched_cpu_dying()
 :
 : which lock already depends on the new lock.
 :
 :
 : the existing dependency chain (in reverse order) is:
 :
 : -> #3 (&rq->lock){-.-.}:
 : __lock_acquire()
 : lock_acquire()
 : _raw_spin_lock()
 : task_fork_fair()
 : sched_fork()
 : copy_process.part.31()
 : _do_fork()
 : kernel_thread()
 : rest_init()
 : start_kernel()
 : x86_64_start_reservations()
 : x86_64_start_kernel()
 : verify_cpu()
 :
 : -> #2 (&p->pi_lock){-.-.}:
 : __lock_acquire()
 : lock_acquire()
 : _raw_spin_lock_irqsave()
 : try_to_wake_up()
 : default_wake_function()
 : woken_wake_function()
 : __wake_up_common()
 : __wake_up_common_lock()
 : __wake_up()
 : tty_wakeup()
 : tty_port_default_wakeup()
 : tty_port_tty_wakeup()
 : uart_write_wakeup()
 : serial8250_tx_chars()
 : serial8250_handle_irq.part.25()
 : serial8250_default_handle_irq()
 : serial8250_interrupt()
 : __handle_irq_event_percpu()
 : handle_irq_event_percpu()
 : handle_irq_event()
 : handle_level_irq()
 : handle_irq()
 : do_IRQ()
 : ret_from_intr()
 : native_safe_halt()
 : default_idle()
 : arch_cpu_idle()
 : default_idle_call()
 : do_idle()
 : cpu_startup_entry()
 : rest_init()
 : start_kernel()
 : x86_64_start_reservations()
 : x86_64_start_kernel()
 : verify_cpu()
 :
 : -> #1 (&tty->write_wait){-.-.}:
 : __lock_acquire()
 : lock_acquire()
 : _raw_spin_lock_irqsave()
 : __wake_up_common_lock()
 : __wake_up()
 : tty_wakeup()
 : tty_port_default_wakeup()
 : tty_port_tty_wakeup()
 : uart_write_wakeup()
 : serial8250_tx_chars()
 : serial8250_handle_irq.part.25()
 : serial8250_default_handle_irq()
 : serial8250_interrupt()
 : __handle_irq_event_percpu()
 : handle_irq_event_percpu()
 : handle_irq_event()
 : handle_level_irq()
 : handle_irq()
 : do_IRQ()
 : ret_from_intr()
 : native_safe_halt()
 : default_idle()
 : arch_cpu_idle()
 : default_idle_call()
 : do_idle()
 : cpu_startup_entry()
 : rest_init()
 : start_kernel()
 : x86_64_start_reservations()
 : x86_64_start_kernel()
 : verify_cpu()
 :
 : -> #0 (&port_lock_key){-.-.}:
 : check_prev_add()
 : __lock_acquire()
 : lock_acquire()
 : _raw_spin_lock_irqsave()
 : serial8250_console_write()
 : univ8250_console_write()
 : console_unlock()
 : vprintk_emit()
 : vprintk_default()
 : vprintk_func()
 : printk()
 : ___ratelimit()
 : __printk_ratelimit()
 : select_fallback_rq()
 : sched_cpu_dying()
 : cpuhp_invoke_callback()
 : take_cpu_down()
 : multi_cpu_stop()
 : cpu_stopper_thread()
 : smpboot_thread_fn()
 : kthread()
 : ret_from_fork()
 :
 : other info that might help us debug this:
 :
 : Chain exists of:
 :   &port_lock_key --> &p->pi_lock --> &rq->lock
 :
 :  Possible unsafe locking scenario:
 :
 :        CPU0                    CPU1
 :        ----                    ----
 :   lock(&rq->lock);
 :                                lock(&p->pi_lock);
 :                                lock(&rq->lock);
 :   lock(&port_lock_key);
 :
 :  *** DEADLOCK ***
 :
 : 4 locks held by migration/8/62:
 : #0: (&p->pi_lock){-.-.}, at: sched_cpu_dying()
 : #1: (&rq->lock){-.-.}, at: sched_cpu_dying()
 : #2: (printk_ratelimit_state.lock){....}, at: ___ratelimit()
 : #3: (console_lock){+.+.}, at: vprintk_emit()
 :
 : stack backtrace:
 : CPU: 8 PID: 62 Comm: migration/8 Not tainted 4.14.0-rc2-next-20170927+ torvalds#252
 : Call Trace:
 : dump_stack()
 : print_circular_bug()
 : check_prev_add()
 : ? add_lock_to_list.isra.26()
 : ? check_usage()
 : ? kvm_clock_read()
 : ? kvm_sched_clock_read()
 : ? sched_clock()
 : ? check_preemption_disabled()
 : __lock_acquire()
 : ? __lock_acquire()
 : ? add_lock_to_list.isra.26()
 : ? debug_check_no_locks_freed()
 : ? memcpy()
 : lock_acquire()
 : ? serial8250_console_write()
 : _raw_spin_lock_irqsave()
 : ? serial8250_console_write()
 : serial8250_console_write()
 : ? serial8250_start_tx()
 : ? lock_acquire()
 : ? memcpy()
 : univ8250_console_write()
 : console_unlock()
 : ? __down_trylock_console_sem()
 : vprintk_emit()
 : vprintk_default()
 : vprintk_func()
 : printk()
 : ? show_regs_print_info()
 : ? lock_acquire()
 : ___ratelimit()
 : __printk_ratelimit()
 : select_fallback_rq()
 : sched_cpu_dying()
 : ? sched_cpu_starting()
 : ? rcutree_dying_cpu()
 : ? sched_cpu_starting()
 : cpuhp_invoke_callback()
 : ? cpu_disable_common()
 : take_cpu_down()
 : ? trace_hardirqs_off_caller()
 : ? cpuhp_invoke_callback()
 : multi_cpu_stop()
 : ? __this_cpu_preempt_check()
 : ? cpu_stop_queue_work()
 : cpu_stopper_thread()
 : ? cpu_stop_create()
 : smpboot_thread_fn()
 : ? sort_range()
 : ? schedule()
 : ? __kthread_parkme()
 : kthread()
 : ? sort_range()
 : ? kthread_create_on_node()
 : ret_from_fork()
 : process 9121 (trinity-c78) no longer affine to cpu8
 : smpboot: CPU 8 is now offline

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170928120405.18273-1-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com
Fixes: 6b1d174 ("ratelimit: extend to print suppressed messages on release")
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Sasha Levin <levinsasha928@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
miguelinux pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Oct 23, 2017
Thomas reported that 'perf buildid-list' gets a SEGFAULT due to NULL
pointer deref when he ran it on a data with namespace events.  It was
because the buildid_id__mark_dso_hit_ops lacks the namespace event
handler and perf_too__fill_default() didn't set it.

  Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
  0x0000000000000000 in ?? ()
  Missing separate debuginfos, use: dnf debuginfo-install audit-libs-2.7.7-1.fc25.s390x bzip2-libs-1.0.6-21.fc25.s390x elfutils-libelf-0.169-1.fc25.s390x
  +elfutils-libs-0.169-1.fc25.s390x libcap-ng-0.7.8-1.fc25.s390x numactl-libs-2.0.11-2.ibm.fc25.s390x openssl-libs-1.1.0e-1.1.ibm.fc25.s390x perl-libs-5.24.1-386.fc25.s390x
  +python-libs-2.7.13-2.fc25.s390x slang-2.3.0-7.fc25.s390x xz-libs-5.2.3-2.fc25.s390x zlib-1.2.8-10.fc25.s390x
  (gdb) where
  #0  0x0000000000000000 in ?? ()
  #1  0x00000000010fad6a in machines__deliver_event (machines=<optimized out>, machines@entry=0x2c6fd18,
      evlist=<optimized out>, event=event@entry=0x3fffdf00470, sample=0x3ffffffe880, sample@entry=0x3ffffffe888,
      tool=tool@entry=0x1312968 <build_id.mark_dso_hit_ops>, file_offset=1136) at util/session.c:1287
  #2  0x00000000010fbf4e in perf_session__deliver_event (file_offset=1136, tool=0x1312968 <build_id.mark_dso_hit_ops>,
      sample=0x3ffffffe888, event=0x3fffdf00470, session=0x2c6fc30) at util/session.c:1340
  #3  perf_session__process_event (session=0x2c6fc30, session@entry=0x0, event=event@entry=0x3fffdf00470,
      file_offset=file_offset@entry=1136) at util/session.c:1522
  #4  0x00000000010fddde in __perf_session__process_events (file_size=11880, data_size=<optimized out>,
      data_offset=<optimized out>, session=0x0) at util/session.c:1899
  #5  perf_session__process_events (session=0x0, session@entry=0x2c6fc30) at util/session.c:1953
  torvalds#6  0x000000000103b2ac in perf_session__list_build_ids (with_hits=<optimized out>, force=<optimized out>)
      at builtin-buildid-list.c:83
  torvalds#7  cmd_buildid_list (argc=<optimized out>, argv=<optimized out>) at builtin-buildid-list.c:115
  torvalds#8  0x00000000010a026c in run_builtin (p=0x1311f78 <commands+24>, argc=argc@entry=2, argv=argv@entry=0x3fffffff3c0)
      at perf.c:296
  torvalds#9  0x000000000102bc00 in handle_internal_command (argv=<optimized out>, argc=2) at perf.c:348
  torvalds#10 run_argv (argcp=<synthetic pointer>, argv=<synthetic pointer>) at perf.c:392
  torvalds#11 main (argc=<optimized out>, argv=0x3fffffff3c0) at perf.c:536
  (gdb)

Fix it by adding a stub event handler for namespace event.

Committer testing:

Further clarifying, plain using 'perf buildid-list' will not end up in a
SEGFAULT when processing a perf.data file with namespace info:

  # perf record -a --namespaces sleep 1
  [ perf record: Woken up 1 times to write data ]
  [ perf record: Captured and wrote 2.024 MB perf.data (1058 samples) ]
  # perf buildid-list | wc -l
  38
  # perf buildid-list | head -5
  e2a171c7b905826fc8494f0711ba76ab6abbd604 /lib/modules/4.14.0-rc3+/build/vmlinux
  874840a02d8f8a31cedd605d0b8653145472ced3 /lib/modules/4.14.0-rc3+/kernel/arch/x86/kvm/kvm-intel.ko
  ea7223776730cd8a22f320040aae4d54312984bc /lib/modules/4.14.0-rc3+/kernel/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915.ko
  5961535e6732a8edb7f22b3f148bb2fa2e0be4b9 /lib/modules/4.14.0-rc3+/kernel/drivers/gpu/drm/drm.ko
  f045f54aa78cf1931cc893f78b6cbc52c72a8cb1 /usr/lib64/libc-2.25.so
  #

It is only when one asks for checking what of those entries actually had
samples, i.e. when we use either -H or --with-hits, that we will process
all the PERF_RECORD_ events, and since tools/perf/builtin-buildid-list.c
neither explicitely set a perf_tool.namespaces() callback nor the
default stub was set that we end up, when processing a
PERF_RECORD_NAMESPACE record, causing a SEGFAULT:

  # perf buildid-list -H
  Segmentation fault (core dumped)
  ^C
  #

Reported-and-Tested-by: Thomas-Mich Richter <tmricht@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Hari Bathini <hbathini@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Hendrik Brueckner <brueckner@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas-Mich Richter <tmricht@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Fixes: f3b3614 ("perf tools: Add PERF_RECORD_NAMESPACES to include namespaces related info")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171017132900.11043-1-namhyung@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
miguelinux pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Nov 8, 2017
commit ab31fd0 upstream.

v4.10 commit 6f2ce1c ("scsi: zfcp: fix rport unblock race with LUN
recovery") extended accessing parent pointer fields of struct
zfcp_erp_action for tracing.  If an erp_action has never been enqueued
before, these parent pointer fields are uninitialized and NULL. Examples
are zfcp objects freshly added to the parent object's children list,
before enqueueing their first recovery subsequently. In
zfcp_erp_try_rport_unblock(), we iterate such list. Accessing erp_action
fields can cause a NULL pointer dereference.  Since the kernel can read
from lowcore on s390, it does not immediately cause a kernel page
fault. Instead it can cause hangs on trying to acquire the wrong
erp_action->adapter->dbf->rec_lock in zfcp_dbf_rec_action_lvl()
                      ^bogus^
while holding already other locks with IRQs disabled.

Real life example from attaching lots of LUNs in parallel on many CPUs:

crash> bt 17723
PID: 17723  TASK: ...               CPU: 25  COMMAND: "zfcperp0.0.1800"
 LOWCORE INFO:
  -psw      : 0x0404300180000000 0x000000000038e424
  -function : _raw_spin_lock_wait_flags at 38e424
...
 #0 [fdde8fc90] zfcp_dbf_rec_action_lvl at 3e0004e9862 [zfcp]
 #1 [fdde8fce8] zfcp_erp_try_rport_unblock at 3e0004dfddc [zfcp]
 #2 [fdde8fd38] zfcp_erp_strategy at 3e0004e0234 [zfcp]
 #3 [fdde8fda8] zfcp_erp_thread at 3e0004e0a12 [zfcp]
 #4 [fdde8fe60] kthread at 173550
 #5 [fdde8feb8] kernel_thread_starter at 10add2

zfcp_adapter
 zfcp_port
  zfcp_unit <address>, 0x404040d600000000
  scsi_device NULL, returning early!
zfcp_scsi_dev.status = 0x40000000
0x40000000 ZFCP_STATUS_COMMON_RUNNING

crash> zfcp_unit <address>
struct zfcp_unit {
  erp_action = {
    adapter = 0x0,
    port = 0x0,
    unit = 0x0,
  },
}

zfcp_erp_action is always fully embedded into its container object. Such
container object is never moved in its object tree (only add or delete).
Hence, erp_action parent pointers can never change.

To fix the issue, initialize the erp_action parent pointers before
adding the erp_action container to any list and thus before it becomes
accessible from outside of its initializing function.

In order to also close the time window between zfcp_erp_setup_act()
memsetting the entire erp_action to zero and setting the parent pointers
again, drop the memset and instead explicitly initialize individually
all erp_action fields except for parent pointers. To be extra careful
not to introduce any other unintended side effect, even keep zeroing the
erp_action fields for list and timer. Also double-check with
WARN_ON_ONCE that erp_action parent pointers never change, so we get to
know when we would deviate from previous behavior.

Signed-off-by: Steffen Maier <maier@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Fixes: 6f2ce1c ("scsi: zfcp: fix rport unblock race with LUN recovery")
Reviewed-by: Benjamin Block <bblock@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
miguelinux pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Dec 14, 2017
commit 251552a upstream.

The snd_usb_copy_string_desc() retrieves the usb string corresponding to
the index number through the usb_string(). The problem is that the
usb_string() returns the length of the string (>= 0) when successful, but
it can also return a negative value about the error case or status of
usb_control_msg().

If iClockSource is '0' as shown below, usb_string() will returns -EINVAL.
This will result in '0' being inserted into buf[-22], and the following
KASAN out-of-bound error message will be output.

AudioControl Interface Descriptor:
  bLength                 8
  bDescriptorType        36
  bDescriptorSubtype     10 (CLOCK_SOURCE)
  bClockID                1
  bmAttributes         0x07 Internal programmable Clock (synced to SOF)
  bmControls           0x07
  Clock Frequency Control (read/write)
  Clock Validity Control (read-only)
  bAssocTerminal          0
  iClockSource            0

To fix it, check usb_string()'return value and bail out.

==================================================================
BUG: KASAN: stack-out-of-bounds in parse_audio_unit+0x1327/0x1960 [snd_usb_audio]
Write of size 1 at addr ffff88007e66735a by task systemd-udevd/18376

CPU: 0 PID: 18376 Comm: systemd-udevd Not tainted 4.13.0+ #3
Hardware name: LG Electronics                   15N540-RFLGL/White Tip Mountain, BIOS 15N5
Call Trace:
dump_stack+0x63/0x8d
print_address_description+0x70/0x290
? parse_audio_unit+0x1327/0x1960 [snd_usb_audio]
kasan_report+0x265/0x350
__asan_store1+0x4a/0x50
parse_audio_unit+0x1327/0x1960 [snd_usb_audio]
? save_stack+0xb5/0xd0
? save_stack_trace+0x1b/0x20
? save_stack+0x46/0xd0
? kasan_kmalloc+0xad/0xe0
? kmem_cache_alloc_trace+0xff/0x230
? snd_usb_create_mixer+0xb0/0x4b0 [snd_usb_audio]
? usb_audio_probe+0x4de/0xf40 [snd_usb_audio]
? usb_probe_interface+0x1f5/0x440
? driver_probe_device+0x3ed/0x660
? build_feature_ctl+0xb10/0xb10 [snd_usb_audio]
? save_stack_trace+0x1b/0x20
? init_object+0x69/0xa0
? snd_usb_find_csint_desc+0xa8/0xf0 [snd_usb_audio]
snd_usb_mixer_controls+0x1dc/0x370 [snd_usb_audio]
? build_audio_procunit+0x890/0x890 [snd_usb_audio]
? snd_usb_create_mixer+0xb0/0x4b0 [snd_usb_audio]
? kmem_cache_alloc_trace+0xff/0x230
? usb_ifnum_to_if+0xbd/0xf0
snd_usb_create_mixer+0x25b/0x4b0 [snd_usb_audio]
? snd_usb_create_stream+0x255/0x2c0 [snd_usb_audio]
usb_audio_probe+0x4de/0xf40 [snd_usb_audio]
? snd_usb_autosuspend.part.7+0x30/0x30 [snd_usb_audio]
? __pm_runtime_idle+0x90/0x90
? kernfs_activate+0xa6/0xc0
? usb_match_one_id_intf+0xdc/0x130
? __pm_runtime_set_status+0x2d4/0x450
usb_probe_interface+0x1f5/0x440

Signed-off-by: Jaejoong Kim <climbbb.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
miguelinux pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Dec 14, 2017
…s instances left.

commit b69f63e upstream.

Unregistering the driver before calling cpuhp_remove_multi_state() removes
any remaining hotplug cpu instances so __cpuhp_remove_state_cpuslocked()
doesn't emit this warning:

[  268.748362] Error: Removing state 147 which has instances left.
[  268.748373] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[  268.748386] WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 5476 at kernel/cpu.c:1734 __cpuhp_remove_state_cpuslocked+0x454/0x4f0
[  268.748389] Modules linked in: arm_ccn(-) [last unloaded: arm_ccn]
[  268.748403] CPU: 2 PID: 5476 Comm: rmmod Tainted: G        W       4.14.0-rc4+ #3
[  268.748406] Hardware name: AMD Seattle/Seattle, BIOS 10:18:39 Dec  8 2016
[  268.748410] task: ffff8001a18ca000 task.stack: ffff80019c120000
[  268.748416] PC is at __cpuhp_remove_state_cpuslocked+0x454/0x4f0
[  268.748421] LR is at __cpuhp_remove_state_cpuslocked+0x448/0x4f0
[  268.748425] pc : [<ffff2000081729ec>] lr : [<ffff2000081729e0>] pstate: 60000145
[  268.748427] sp : ffff80019c127d30
[  268.748430] x29: ffff80019c127d30 x28: ffff8001a18ca000
[  268.748437] x27: ffff20000c2cb000 x26: 1fffe4000042d490
[  268.748443] x25: ffff20000216a480 x24: 0000000000000000
[  268.748449] x23: ffff20000b08e000 x22: 0000000000000001
[  268.748455] x21: 0000000000000093 x20: 00000000000016f8
[  268.748460] x19: ffff20000c2cbb80 x18: 0000ffffb5fe7c58
[  268.748466] x17: 00000000004402d0 x16: 1fffe40001864f01
[  268.748472] x15: ffff20000c4bf8b0 x14: 0000000000000000
[  268.748477] x13: 0000000000007032 x12: ffff20000829ae48
[  268.748483] x11: ffff20000c4bf000 x10: 0000000000000004
[  268.748488] x9 : 0000000000006fbc x8 : ffff20000c318a40
[  268.748494] x7 : 0000000000000000 x6 : ffff040001864f02
[  268.748500] x5 : 0000000000000000 x4 : 0000000000000000
[  268.748505] x3 : 0000000000000007 x2 : dfff200000000000
[  268.748510] x1 : 000000000000ad3d x0 : 00000000000001f0
[  268.748516] Call trace:
[  268.748521] Exception stack(0xffff80019c127bf0 to 0xffff80019c127d30)
[  268.748526] 7be0:                                   00000000000001f0 000000000000ad3d
[  268.748531] 7c00: dfff200000000000 0000000000000007 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
[  268.748535] 7c20: ffff040001864f02 0000000000000000 ffff20000c318a40 0000000000006fbc
[  268.748539] 7c40: 0000000000000004 ffff20000c4bf000 ffff20000829ae48 0000000000007032
[  268.748544] 7c60: 0000000000000000 ffff20000c4bf8b0 1fffe40001864f01 00000000004402d0
[  268.748548] 7c80: 0000ffffb5fe7c58 ffff20000c2cbb80 00000000000016f8 0000000000000093
[  268.748553] 7ca0: 0000000000000001 ffff20000b08e000 0000000000000000 ffff20000216a480
[  268.748557] 7cc0: 1fffe4000042d490 ffff20000c2cb000 ffff8001a18ca000 ffff80019c127d30
[  268.748562] 7ce0: ffff2000081729e0 ffff80019c127d30 ffff2000081729ec 0000000060000145
[  268.748566] 7d00: 00000000000001f0 0000000000000000 0001000000000000 0000000000000000
[  268.748569] 7d20: ffff80019c127d30 ffff2000081729ec
[  268.748575] [<ffff2000081729ec>] __cpuhp_remove_state_cpuslocked+0x454/0x4f0
[  268.748580] [<ffff200008172adc>] __cpuhp_remove_state+0x54/0x80
[  268.748597] [<ffff20000215dd84>] arm_ccn_exit+0x2c/0x70 [arm_ccn]
[  268.748604] [<ffff20000834cfbc>] SyS_delete_module+0x5a4/0x708
[  268.748607] Exception stack(0xffff80019c127ec0 to 0xffff80019c128000)
[  268.748612] 7ec0: 0000000019bb7258 0000000000000800 ba64d0fb3d26a800 00000000000000da
[  268.748616] 7ee0: 0000ffffb6144e28 0000ffffcd95b409 fefefefefefefeff 7f7f7f7f7f7f7f7f
[  268.748621] 7f00: 000000000000006a 1999999999999999 0000ffffb6179000 0000000000bbcc6d
[  268.748625] 7f20: 0000ffffb6176b98 0000ffffcd95c2d0 0000ffffb5fe7b58 0000ffffb6163000
[  268.748630] 7f40: 0000ffffb60ad3e0 00000000004402d0 0000ffffb5fe7c58 0000000019bb71f0
[  268.748634] 7f60: 0000ffffcd95c740 0000000000000000 0000000019bb71f0 0000000000416700
[  268.748639] 7f80: 0000000000000000 00000000004402e8 0000000019bb6010 0000ffffcd95c748
[  268.748643] 7fa0: 0000000000000000 0000ffffcd95c460 00000000004113a8 0000ffffcd95c460
[  268.748648] 7fc0: 0000ffffb60ad3e8 0000000080000000 0000000019bb7258 000000000000006a
[  268.748652] 7fe0: 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
[  268.748657] [<ffff200008084f9c>] __sys_trace_return+0x0/0x4
[  268.748661] ---[ end trace a996d358dcaa7f9c ]---

Fixes: 8df0387 ("bus/arm-ccn: Use cpu-hp's multi instance support instead custom list")
Signed-off-by: Kim Phillips <kim.phillips@arm.com>
Acked-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Pawel Moll <pawel.moll@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
miguelinux pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Dec 14, 2017
[ Upstream commit db5b15b ]

The locking in lirc needs improvement, but for now just fix this potential
deadlock.

======================================================
[ INFO: possible circular locking dependency detected ]
4.10.0-rc1+ #1 Not tainted
-------------------------------------------------------
bash/2502 is trying to acquire lock:
 (ir_raw_handler_lock){+.+.+.}, at: [<ffffffffc06f6a5e>] ir_raw_encode_scancode+0x3e/0xb0 [rc_core]

               but task is already holding lock:
 (&dev->lock){+.+.+.}, at: [<ffffffffc06f511f>] store_filter+0x9f/0x240 [rc_core]

               which lock already depends on the new lock.

               the existing dependency chain (in reverse order) is:

               -> #2 (&dev->lock){+.+.+.}:

[<ffffffffa110adad>] lock_acquire+0xfd/0x200
[<ffffffffa1921327>] mutex_lock_nested+0x77/0x6d0
[<ffffffffc06f436a>] rc_open+0x2a/0x80 [rc_core]
[<ffffffffc07114ca>] lirc_dev_fop_open+0xda/0x1e0 [lirc_dev]
[<ffffffffa12975e0>] chrdev_open+0xb0/0x210
[<ffffffffa128eb5a>] do_dentry_open+0x20a/0x2f0
[<ffffffffa128ffcc>] vfs_open+0x4c/0x80
[<ffffffffa12a35ec>] path_openat+0x5bc/0xc00
[<ffffffffa12a5271>] do_filp_open+0x91/0x100
[<ffffffffa12903f0>] do_sys_open+0x130/0x220
[<ffffffffa12904fe>] SyS_open+0x1e/0x20
[<ffffffffa19278c1>] entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x1f/0xc2
               -> #1 (lirc_dev_lock){+.+.+.}:
[<ffffffffa110adad>] lock_acquire+0xfd/0x200
[<ffffffffa1921327>] mutex_lock_nested+0x77/0x6d0
[<ffffffffc0711f47>] lirc_register_driver+0x67/0x59b [lirc_dev]
[<ffffffffc06db7f4>] ir_lirc_register+0x1f4/0x260 [ir_lirc_codec]
[<ffffffffc06f6cac>] ir_raw_handler_register+0x7c/0xb0 [rc_core]
[<ffffffffc0398010>] 0xffffffffc0398010
[<ffffffffa1002192>] do_one_initcall+0x52/0x1b0
[<ffffffffa11ef5c8>] do_init_module+0x5f/0x1fa
[<ffffffffa11566b5>] load_module+0x2675/0x2b00
[<ffffffffa1156dcf>] SYSC_finit_module+0xdf/0x110
[<ffffffffa1156e1e>] SyS_finit_module+0xe/0x10
[<ffffffffa1003f5c>] do_syscall_64+0x6c/0x1f0
[<ffffffffa1927989>] return_from_SYSCALL_64+0x0/0x7a
               -> #0 (ir_raw_handler_lock){+.+.+.}:
[<ffffffffa110a7b7>] __lock_acquire+0x10f7/0x1290
[<ffffffffa110adad>] lock_acquire+0xfd/0x200
[<ffffffffa1921327>] mutex_lock_nested+0x77/0x6d0
[<ffffffffc06f6a5e>] ir_raw_encode_scancode+0x3e/0xb0 [rc_core]
[<ffffffffc0b0f492>] loop_set_wakeup_filter+0x62/0xbd [rc_loopback]
[<ffffffffc06f522a>] store_filter+0x1aa/0x240 [rc_core]
[<ffffffffa15e46f8>] dev_attr_store+0x18/0x30
[<ffffffffa13318e5>] sysfs_kf_write+0x45/0x60
[<ffffffffa1330b55>] kernfs_fop_write+0x155/0x1e0
[<ffffffffa1290797>] __vfs_write+0x37/0x160
[<ffffffffa12921f8>] vfs_write+0xc8/0x1e0
[<ffffffffa12936e8>] SyS_write+0x58/0xc0
[<ffffffffa19278c1>] entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x1f/0xc2

               other info that might help us debug this:

Chain exists of:
                 ir_raw_handler_lock --> lirc_dev_lock --> &dev->lock

 Possible unsafe locking scenario:

       CPU0                    CPU1
       ----                    ----
  lock(&dev->lock);
                               lock(lirc_dev_lock);
                               lock(&dev->lock);
  lock(ir_raw_handler_lock);

                *** DEADLOCK ***

4 locks held by bash/2502:
 #0:  (sb_writers#4){.+.+.+}, at: [<ffffffffa12922c5>] vfs_write+0x195/0x1e0
 #1:  (&of->mutex){+.+.+.}, at: [<ffffffffa1330b1f>] kernfs_fop_write+0x11f/0x1e0
 #2:  (s_active#215){.+.+.+}, at: [<ffffffffa1330b28>] kernfs_fop_write+0x128/0x1e0
 #3:  (&dev->lock){+.+.+.}, at: [<ffffffffc06f511f>] store_filter+0x9f/0x240 [rc_core]

               stack backtrace:
CPU: 3 PID: 2502 Comm: bash Not tainted 4.10.0-rc1+ #1
Hardware name:                  /DG45ID, BIOS IDG4510H.86A.0135.2011.0225.1100 02/25/2011
Call Trace:
 dump_stack+0x86/0xc3
 print_circular_bug+0x1be/0x210
 __lock_acquire+0x10f7/0x1290
 lock_acquire+0xfd/0x200
 ? ir_raw_encode_scancode+0x3e/0xb0 [rc_core]
 ? ir_raw_encode_scancode+0x3e/0xb0 [rc_core]
 mutex_lock_nested+0x77/0x6d0
 ? ir_raw_encode_scancode+0x3e/0xb0 [rc_core]
 ? loop_set_wakeup_filter+0x44/0xbd [rc_loopback]
 ir_raw_encode_scancode+0x3e/0xb0 [rc_core]
 loop_set_wakeup_filter+0x62/0xbd [rc_loopback]
 ? loop_set_tx_duty_cycle+0x70/0x70 [rc_loopback]
 store_filter+0x1aa/0x240 [rc_core]
 dev_attr_store+0x18/0x30
 sysfs_kf_write+0x45/0x60
 kernfs_fop_write+0x155/0x1e0
 __vfs_write+0x37/0x160
 ? rcu_read_lock_sched_held+0x4a/0x80
 ? rcu_sync_lockdep_assert+0x2f/0x60
 ? __sb_start_write+0x10c/0x220
 ? vfs_write+0x195/0x1e0
 ? security_file_permission+0x3b/0xc0
 vfs_write+0xc8/0x1e0
 SyS_write+0x58/0xc0
 entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x1f/0xc2

Signed-off-by: Sean Young <sean@mess.org>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <alexander.levin@verizon.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
jcvenegas pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Dec 20, 2017
[ Upstream commit e1699d2 ]

This is a story about 4 distinct (and very old) btrfs bugs.

Commit c8b9781 ("Btrfs: Add zlib compression support") added
three data corruption bugs for inline extents (bugs #1-3).

Commit 93c82d5 ("Btrfs: zero page past end of inline file items")
fixed bug #1:  uncompressed inline extents followed by a hole and more
extents could get non-zero data in the hole as they were read.  The fix
was to add a memset in btrfs_get_extent to zero out the hole.

Commit 166ae5a ("btrfs: fix inline compressed read err corruption")
fixed bug #2:  compressed inline extents which contained non-zero bytes
might be replaced with zero bytes in some cases.  This patch removed an
unhelpful memset from uncompress_inline, but the case where memset is
required was missed.

There is also a memset in the decompression code, but this only covers
decompressed data that is shorter than the ram_bytes from the extent
ref record.  This memset doesn't cover the region between the end of the
decompressed data and the end of the page.  It has also moved around a
few times over the years, so there's no single patch to refer to.

This patch fixes bug #3:  compressed inline extents followed by a hole
and more extents could get non-zero data in the hole as they were read
(i.e. bug #3 is the same as bug #1, but s/uncompressed/compressed/).
The fix is the same:  zero out the hole in the compressed case too,
by putting a memset back in uncompress_inline, but this time with
correct parameters.

The last and oldest bug, bug #0, is the cause of the offending inline
extent/hole/extent pattern.  Bug #0 is a subtle and mostly-harmless quirk
of behavior somewhere in the btrfs write code.  In a few special cases,
an inline extent and hole are allowed to persist where they normally
would be combined with later extents in the file.

A fast reproducer for bug #0 is presented below.  A few offending extents
are also created in the wild during large rsync transfers with the -S
flag.  A Linux kernel build (git checkout; make allyesconfig; make -j8)
will produce a handful of offending files as well.  Once an offending
file is created, it can present different content to userspace each
time it is read.

Bug #0 is at least 4 and possibly 8 years old.  I verified every vX.Y
kernel back to v3.5 has this behavior.  There are fossil records of this
bug's effects in commits all the way back to v2.6.32.  I have no reason
to believe bug #0 wasn't present at the beginning of btrfs compression
support in v2.6.29, but I can't easily test kernels that old to be sure.

It is not clear whether bug #0 is worth fixing.  A fix would likely
require injecting extra reads into currently write-only paths, and most
of the exceptional cases caused by bug #0 are already handled now.

Whether we like them or not, bug #0's inline extents followed by holes
are part of the btrfs de-facto disk format now, and we need to be able
to read them without data corruption or an infoleak.  So enough about
bug #0, let's get back to bug #3 (this patch).

An example of on-disk structure leading to data corruption found in
the wild:

        item 61 key (606890 INODE_ITEM 0) itemoff 9662 itemsize 160
                inode generation 50 transid 50 size 47424 nbytes 49141
                block group 0 mode 100644 links 1 uid 0 gid 0
                rdev 0 flags 0x0(none)
        item 62 key (606890 INODE_REF 603050) itemoff 9642 itemsize 20
                inode ref index 3 namelen 10 name: DB_File.so
        item 63 key (606890 EXTENT_DATA 0) itemoff 8280 itemsize 1362
                inline extent data size 1341 ram 4085 compress(zlib)
        item 64 key (606890 EXTENT_DATA 4096) itemoff 8227 itemsize 53
                extent data disk byte 5367308288 nr 20480
                extent data offset 0 nr 45056 ram 45056
                extent compression(zlib)

Different data appears in userspace during each read of the 11 bytes
between 4085 and 4096.  The extent in item 63 is not long enough to
fill the first page of the file, so a memset is required to fill the
space between item 63 (ending at 4085) and item 64 (beginning at 4096)
with zero.

Here is a reproducer from Liu Bo, which demonstrates another method
of creating the same inline extent and hole pattern:

Using 'page_poison=on' kernel command line (or enable
CONFIG_PAGE_POISONING) run the following:

	# touch foo
	# chattr +c foo
	# xfs_io -f -c "pwrite -W 0 1000" foo
	# xfs_io -f -c "falloc 4 8188" foo
	# od -x foo
	# echo 3 >/proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
	# od -x foo

This produce the following on my box:

Correct output:  file contains 1000 data bytes followed
by zeros:

	0000000 cdcd cdcd cdcd cdcd cdcd cdcd cdcd cdcd
	*
	0001740 cdcd cdcd cdcd cdcd 0000 0000 0000 0000
	0001760 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
	*
	0020000

Actual output:  the data after the first 1000 bytes
will be different each run:

	0000000 cdcd cdcd cdcd cdcd cdcd cdcd cdcd cdcd
	*
	0001740 cdcd cdcd cdcd cdcd 6c63 7400 635f 006d
	0001760 5f74 6f43 7400 435f 0053 5f74 7363 7400
	0002000 435f 0056 5f74 6164 7400 645f 0062 5f74
	(...)

Signed-off-by: Zygo Blaxell <ce3g8jdj@umail.furryterror.org>
Reviewed-by: Liu Bo <bo.li.liu@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <alexander.levin@verizon.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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6 participants