✨ switch to mqt-core Python package

[burgholzer]

Description

This PR switches the project to use the newly developed mqt-core Python package.
Any Python package build will only require the mqt-core package as a build and runtime dependency and won't have to rely on fetched version of mqt-core any more.
Any regular C++ build will still use the FetchContent CMake module.

The change brings a range of advantages:

• Uses the new load function of mqt-core that allows to load any supported circuit format as input and has better handling for Qiskit QuantumCircuit objects.
• Allows to directly feed QASM strings as inputs to the compilation methods
• Simplifies the interfaces of the QMAP Python bindings
• Allows OpenQASM3 as an input format.

Checklist:

• The pull request only contains commits that are related to it.
• I have added appropriate tests and documentation.
• I have made sure that all CI jobs on GitHub pass.
• The pull request introduces no new warnings and follows the project's style guidelines.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 82.66667% with 13 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 90.7%. Comparing base (0d910e3) to head (0e63ef6).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/mqt/qmap/__init__.py	72.0%	7 Missing ⚠️
src/logicblocks/LogicTerm.cpp	0.0%	4 Missing ⚠️
include/sc/DataLogger.hpp	81.8%	2 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##            main    #418     +/-   ##
=======================================
- Coverage   90.7%   90.7%   -0.1%     
=======================================
  Files         93      94      +1     
  Lines      10763   10788     +25     
  Branches    1830    1834      +4     
=======================================
+ Hits        9772    9794     +22     
- Misses       991     994      +3     

Flag	Coverage Δ
cpp	90.5% <79.3%> (+<0.1%)	⬆️
python	94.9% <84.7%> (-1.1%)	⬇️

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
include/hybridmap/NeutralAtomLayer.hpp	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
src/mqt/qmap/clifford_synthesis.py	94.2% <100.0%> (-0.5%)	⬇️
src/mqt/qmap/compile.py	97.1% <100.0%> (+0.1%)	⬆️
src/mqt/qmap/load_architecture.py	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
src/mqt/qmap/load_calibration.py	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
src/mqt/qmap/na/__init__.py	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
src/mqt/qmap/na/state_preparation.py	100.0% <ø> (ø)
src/mqt/qmap/plugins/__init__.py	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
src/mqt/qmap/plugins/qiskit.py	96.5% <100.0%> (ø)
src/mqt/qmap/subarchitectures.py	95.4% <100.0%> (+<0.1%)	⬆️
... and 6 more

... and 4 files with indirect coverage changes