Merge branch 'main' into dictwatch

* main:
  pythonGH-88050: fix race in closing subprocess pipe in asyncio  (python#97951)
  pythongh-93738: Disallow pre-v3 syntax in the C domain (python#97962)
  pythongh-95986: Fix the example using match keyword (python#95989)
  pythongh-97897: Prevent os.mkfifo and os.mknod segfaults with macOS 13 SDK (pythonGH-97944)
  pythongh-94808: Cover `PyUnicode_Count` in CAPI (python#96929)
  pythongh-94808: Cover `PyObject_PyBytes` case with custom `__bytes__` method (python#96610)
  pythongh-95691: Doc BufferedWriter and BufferedReader (python#95703)
  pythonGH-88968: Add notes about socket ownership transfers (python#97936)
  pythongh-96865: [Enum] fix Flag to use CONFORM boundary (pythonGH-97528)

Doc/conf.py

@@ -239,28 +239,3 @@
 # Relative filename of the data files
 refcount_file = 'data/refcounts.dat'
 stable_abi_file = 'data/stable_abi.dat'
-
-# Sphinx 2 and Sphinx 3 compatibility
-# -----------------------------------
-
-# bpo-40204: Allow Sphinx 2 syntax in the C domain
-c_allow_pre_v3 = True
-
-# bpo-40204: Disable warnings on Sphinx 2 syntax of the C domain since the
-# documentation is built with -W (warnings treated as errors).
-c_warn_on_allowed_pre_v3 = False
-
-# Fix '!' not working with C domain when pre_v3 is enabled
-import sphinx
-
-if sphinx.version_info[:2] < (5, 3):
-    from sphinx.domains.c import CXRefRole
-
-    original_run = CXRefRole.run
-
-    def new_run(self):
-        if self.disabled:
-            return super(CXRefRole, self).run()
-        return original_run(self)
-
-    CXRefRole.run = new_run

Doc/extending/newtypes.rst

@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ a special case, for which the new value passed to the handler is ``NULL``.
 Python supports two pairs of attribute handlers; a type that supports attributes
 only needs to implement the functions for one pair.  The difference is that one
 pair takes the name of the attribute as a :c:expr:`char\*`, while the other
-accepts a :c:type:`PyObject\*`.  Each type can use whichever pair makes more
+accepts a :c:expr:`PyObject*`.  Each type can use whichever pair makes more
 sense for the implementation's convenience. ::
 
    getattrfunc  tp_getattr;        /* char * version */
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ sense for the implementation's convenience. ::
 
 If accessing attributes of an object is always a simple operation (this will be
 explained shortly), there are generic implementations which can be used to
-provide the :c:type:`PyObject\*` version of the attribute management functions.
+provide the :c:expr:`PyObject*` version of the attribute management functions.
 The actual need for type-specific attribute handlers almost completely
 disappeared starting with Python 2.2, though there are many examples which have
 not been updated to use some of the new generic mechanism that is available.
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ Type-specific Attribute Management
 
 For simplicity, only the :c:expr:`char\*` version will be demonstrated here; the
 type of the name parameter is the only difference between the :c:expr:`char\*`
-and :c:type:`PyObject\*` flavors of the interface. This example effectively does
+and :c:expr:`PyObject*` flavors of the interface. This example effectively does
 the same thing as the generic example above, but does not use the generic
 support added in Python 2.2.  It explains how the handler functions are
 called, so that if you do need to extend their functionality, you'll understand

Doc/extending/newtypes_tutorial.rst

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ The Basics
 ==========
 
 The :term:`CPython` runtime sees all Python objects as variables of type
-:c:type:`PyObject\*`, which serves as a "base type" for all Python objects.
+:c:expr:`PyObject*`, which serves as a "base type" for all Python objects.
 The :c:type:`PyObject` structure itself only contains the object's
 :term:`reference count` and a pointer to the object's "type object".
 This is where the action is; the type object determines which (C) functions

Doc/howto/isolating-extensions.rst

@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ that subclass, which may be defined in different module than yours.
           pass
 
 For a method to get its "defining class", it must use the
-:c:data:`METH_METHOD | METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS`
+:data:`METH_METHOD | METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS`
 :c:type:`calling convention <PyMethodDef>`
 and the corresponding :c:type:`PyCMethod` signature::
 

Doc/library/asyncio-eventloop.rst

@@ -468,6 +468,12 @@ Opening network connections
      *happy_eyeballs_delay*, *interleave*
      and *local_addr* should be specified.
 
+     .. note::
+
+        The *sock* argument transfers ownership of the socket to the
+        transport created. To close the socket, call the transport's
+        :meth:`~asyncio.BaseTransport.close` method.
+
    * *local_addr*, if given, is a ``(local_host, local_port)`` tuple used
      to bind the socket locally.  The *local_host* and *local_port*
      are looked up using ``getaddrinfo()``, similarly to *host* and *port*.
@@ -577,6 +583,12 @@ Opening network connections
      transport. If specified, *local_addr* and *remote_addr* should be omitted
      (must be :const:`None`).
 
+     .. note::
+
+        The *sock* argument transfers ownership of the socket to the
+        transport created. To close the socket, call the transport's
+        :meth:`~asyncio.BaseTransport.close` method.
+
    See :ref:`UDP echo client protocol <asyncio-udp-echo-client-protocol>` and
    :ref:`UDP echo server protocol <asyncio-udp-echo-server-protocol>` examples.
 
@@ -688,6 +700,12 @@ Creating network servers
    * *sock* can optionally be specified in order to use a preexisting
      socket object. If specified, *host* and *port* must not be specified.
 
+     .. note::
+
+        The *sock* argument transfers ownership of the socket to the
+        server created. To close the socket, call the server's
+        :meth:`~asyncio.Server.close` method.
+
    * *backlog* is the maximum number of queued connections passed to
      :meth:`~socket.socket.listen` (defaults to 100).
 
@@ -789,6 +807,12 @@ Creating network servers
    * *sock* is a preexisting socket object returned from
      :meth:`socket.accept <socket.socket.accept>`.
 
+     .. note::
+
+        The *sock* argument transfers ownership of the socket to the
+        transport created. To close the socket, call the transport's
+        :meth:`~asyncio.BaseTransport.close` method.
+
    * *ssl* can be set to an :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` to enable SSL over
      the accepted connections.
 

Doc/library/asyncio-stream.rst

@@ -67,6 +67,12 @@ and work with streams:
    The rest of the arguments are passed directly to
    :meth:`loop.create_connection`.
 
+   .. note::
+
+      The *sock* argument transfers ownership of the socket to the
+      :class:`StreamWriter` created. To close the socket, call its
+      :meth:`~asyncio.StreamWriter.close` method.
+
    .. versionchanged:: 3.7
       Added the *ssl_handshake_timeout* parameter.
 
@@ -103,6 +109,12 @@ and work with streams:
    The rest of the arguments are passed directly to
    :meth:`loop.create_server`.
 
+   .. note::
+
+      The *sock* argument transfers ownership of the socket to the
+      server created. To close the socket, call the server's
+      :meth:`~asyncio.Server.close` method.
+
    .. versionchanged:: 3.7
       Added the *ssl_handshake_timeout* and *start_serving* parameters.
 
@@ -123,6 +135,12 @@ and work with streams:
 
    See also the documentation of :meth:`loop.create_unix_connection`.
 
+   .. note::
+
+      The *sock* argument transfers ownership of the socket to the
+      :class:`StreamWriter` created. To close the socket, call its
+      :meth:`~asyncio.StreamWriter.close` method.
+
    .. availability:: Unix.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.7
@@ -143,6 +161,12 @@ and work with streams:
 
    See also the documentation of :meth:`loop.create_unix_server`.
 
+   .. note::
+
+      The *sock* argument transfers ownership of the socket to the
+      server created. To close the socket, call the server's
+      :meth:`~asyncio.Server.close` method.
+
    .. availability:: Unix.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.7

Doc/library/io.rst

@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ to provide an interface to files in the machine's file system.
 The :class:`BufferedIOBase` ABC extends :class:`IOBase`.  It deals with
 buffering on a raw binary stream (:class:`RawIOBase`).  Its subclasses,
 :class:`BufferedWriter`, :class:`BufferedReader`, and :class:`BufferedRWPair`
-buffer raw binary streams that are readable, writable, and both readable and writable,
+buffer raw binary streams that are writable, readable, and both readable and writable,
 respectively. :class:`BufferedRandom` provides a buffered interface to seekable streams.
 Another :class:`BufferedIOBase` subclass, :class:`BytesIO`, is a stream of
 in-memory bytes.

Doc/requirements.txt

@@ -7,7 +7,10 @@ sphinx==4.5.0
 
 blurb
 
-sphinx-lint<1
+# sphinx-lint 0.6.2 yields many default role errors due to the new regular
+# expression used for default role detection, so we don't use the version
+# until the errors are fixed.
+sphinx-lint<1,!=0.6.2
 
 # The theme used by the documentation is stored separately, so we need
 # to install that as well.

Doc/whatsnew/2.2.rst

@@ -1102,7 +1102,7 @@ code, none of the changes described here will affect you very much.
 * A different argument parsing function, :c:func:`PyArg_UnpackTuple`, has been
   added that's simpler and presumably faster.  Instead of specifying a format
   string, the caller simply gives the minimum and maximum number of arguments
-  expected, and a set of pointers to :c:type:`PyObject\*` variables that will be
+  expected, and a set of pointers to :c:expr:`PyObject*` variables that will be
   filled in with argument values.
 
 * Two new flags :const:`METH_NOARGS` and :const:`METH_O` are available in method

Doc/whatsnew/2.5.rst

@@ -1725,7 +1725,7 @@ attribute of the function object to  change this::
 ``ctypes.pythonapi`` object.  This object does *not*  release the global
 interpreter lock before calling a function, because the lock must be held when
 calling into the interpreter's code.   There's a :class:`py_object()` type
-constructor that will create a  :c:type:`PyObject \*` pointer.  A simple usage::
+constructor that will create a  :c:expr:`PyObject *` pointer.  A simple usage::
 
    import ctypes
 

Doc/whatsnew/3.10.rst

@@ -669,6 +669,7 @@ Several other key features:
           GREEN = 1
           BLUE = 2
 
+      color = Color.GREEN
       match color:
           case Color.RED:
               print("I see red!")

Lib/asyncio/base_subprocess.py

@@ -216,7 +216,9 @@ def _process_exited(self, returncode):
             self._proc.returncode = returncode
         self._call(self._protocol.process_exited)
         for p in self._pipes.values():
-            p.pipe.close()
+            if p is not None:
+                p.pipe.close()
+
         self._try_finish()
 
     async def _wait(self):

Lib/enum.py

@@ -1269,7 +1269,7 @@ class FlagBoundary(StrEnum):
 STRICT, CONFORM, EJECT, KEEP = FlagBoundary
 
 
-class Flag(Enum, boundary=STRICT):
+class Flag(Enum, boundary=CONFORM):
     """
     Support for flags
     """

Lib/test/test_enum.py

@@ -2927,7 +2927,7 @@ def test_bool(self):
             self.assertEqual(bool(f.value), bool(f))
 
     def test_boundary(self):
-        self.assertIs(enum.Flag._boundary_, STRICT)
+        self.assertIs(enum.Flag._boundary_, CONFORM)
         class Iron(Flag, boundary=STRICT):
             ONE = 1
             TWO = 2

Lib/test/test_long.py

@@ -1518,6 +1518,22 @@ def __init__(self, value):
         self.assertEqual(i, 1)
         self.assertEqual(getattr(i, 'foo', 'none'), 'bar')
 
+        class ValidBytes:
+            def __bytes__(self):
+                return b'\x01'
+        class InvalidBytes:
+            def __bytes__(self):
+                return 'abc'
+        class MissingBytes: ...
+        class RaisingBytes:
+            def __bytes__(self):
+                1 / 0
+
+        self.assertEqual(int.from_bytes(ValidBytes()), 1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, int.from_bytes, InvalidBytes())
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, int.from_bytes, MissingBytes())
+        self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, int.from_bytes, RaisingBytes())
+
     @support.cpython_only
     def test_from_bytes_small(self):
         # bpo-46361

Lib/test/test_posix.py

@@ -2090,6 +2090,28 @@ def test_mkdir(self):
             with self.assertRaisesRegex(NotImplementedError, "dir_fd unavailable"):
                 os.mkdir("dir", dir_fd=0)
 
+    def test_mkfifo(self):
+        self._verify_available("HAVE_MKFIFOAT")
+        if self.mac_ver >= (13, 0):
+            self.assertIn("HAVE_MKFIFOAT", posix._have_functions)
+
+        else:
+            self.assertNotIn("HAVE_MKFIFOAT", posix._have_functions)
+
+            with self.assertRaisesRegex(NotImplementedError, "dir_fd unavailable"):
+                os.mkfifo("path", dir_fd=0)
+
+    def test_mknod(self):
+        self._verify_available("HAVE_MKNODAT")
+        if self.mac_ver >= (13, 0):
+            self.assertIn("HAVE_MKNODAT", posix._have_functions)
+
+        else:
+            self.assertNotIn("HAVE_MKNODAT", posix._have_functions)
+
+            with self.assertRaisesRegex(NotImplementedError, "dir_fd unavailable"):
+                os.mknod("path", dir_fd=0)
+
     def test_rename_replace(self):
         self._verify_available("HAVE_RENAMEAT")
         if self.mac_ver >= (10, 10):

Lib/test/test_unicode.py

@@ -2945,6 +2945,44 @@ def test_asutf8andsize(self):
         self.assertEqual(unicode_asutf8andsize(nonbmp), (b'\xf4\x8f\xbf\xbf', 4))
         self.assertRaises(UnicodeEncodeError, unicode_asutf8andsize, 'a\ud800b\udfffc')
 
+    # Test PyUnicode_Count()
+    @support.cpython_only
+    @unittest.skipIf(_testcapi is None, 'need _testcapi module')
+    def test_count(self):
+        from _testcapi import unicode_count
+
+        st = 'abcabd'
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_count(st, 'a', 0, len(st)), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_count(st, 'ab', 0, len(st)), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_count(st, 'abc', 0, len(st)), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_count(st, 'а', 0, len(st)), 0)  # cyrillic "a"
+        # start < end
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_count(st, 'a', 3, len(st)), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_count(st, 'a', 4, len(st)), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_count(st, 'a', 0, sys.maxsize), 2)
+        # start >= end
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_count(st, 'abc', 0, 0), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_count(st, 'a', 3, 2), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_count(st, 'a', sys.maxsize, 5), 0)
+        # negative
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_count(st, 'ab', -len(st), -1), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_count(st, 'a', -len(st), -3), 1)
+        # wrong args
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, unicode_count, 'a', 'a')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, unicode_count, 'a', 'a', 1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, unicode_count, 1, 'a', 0, 1)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, unicode_count, 'a', 1, 0, 1)
+        # empty string
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_count('abc', '', 0, 3), 4)
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_count('abc', '', 1, 3), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_count('', '', 0, 1), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(unicode_count('', 'a', 0, 1), 0)
+        # different unicode kinds
+        for uni in "\xa1", "\u8000\u8080", "\ud800\udc02", "\U0001f100\U0001f1f1":
+            for ch in uni:
+                self.assertEqual(unicode_count(uni, ch, 0, len(uni)), 1)
+                self.assertEqual(unicode_count(st, ch, 0, len(st)), 0)
+
     # Test PyUnicode_FindChar()
     @support.cpython_only
     @unittest.skipIf(_testcapi is None, 'need _testcapi module')

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2022-09-24-18-56-23.gh-issue-96865.o9WUkW.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+fix Flag to use boundary CONFORM
+
+This restores previous Flag behavior of allowing flags with non-sequential values to be combined; e.g.
+
+    class Skip(Flag):
+        TWO = 2
+        EIGHT = 8
+
+    Skip.TWO | Skip.EIGHT -> <Skip.TWO|EIGHT: 10>

Misc/NEWS.d/next/macOS/2022-10-05-15-26-58.gh-issue-97897.Rf-C6u.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+The macOS 13 SDK includes support for the ``mkfifoat`` and ``mknodat`` system calls.
+Using the ``dir_fd`` option with either :func:`os.mkfifo` or :func:`os.mknod` could result in a
+segfault if cpython is built with the macOS 13 SDK but run on an earlier
+version of macOS. Prevent this by adding runtime support for detection of
+these system calls ("weaklinking") as is done for other newer syscalls on
+macOS.