Merge branch 'main' into inlinecomp2

* main: (50 commits)
  pythongh-102674: Remove _specialization_stats from Lib/opcode.py (python#102685)
  pythongh-102660: Handle m_copy Specially for the sys and builtins Modules (pythongh-102661)
  pythongh-102354: change python3 to python in docs examples (python#102696)
  pythongh-81057: Add a CI Check for New Unsupported C Global Variables (pythongh-102506)
  pythonGH-94851: check unicode consistency of static strings in debug mode (python#102684)
  pythongh-100315: clarification to `__slots__` docs. (python#102621)
  pythonGH-100227: cleanup initialization of global interned dict (python#102682)
  doc: Remove a duplicate 'versionchanged' in library/asyncio-task (pythongh-102677)
  pythongh-102013: Add PyUnstable_GC_VisitObjects (python#102014)
  pythonGH-102670: Use sumprod() to simplify, speed up, and improve accuracy of statistics functions (pythonGH-102649)
  pythongh-102627: Replace address pointing toward malicious web page (python#102630)
  pythongh-98831: Use DECREF_INPUTS() more (python#102409)
  pythongh-101659: Avoid Allocation for Shared Exceptions in the _xxsubinterpreters Module (pythongh-102659)
  pythongh-101524: Fix the ChannelID tp_name (pythongh-102655)
  pythongh-102069: Fix `__weakref__` descriptor generation for custom dataclasses (python#102075)
  pythongh-98169 dataclasses.astuple support DefaultDict (python#98170)
  pythongh-102650: Remove duplicate include directives from multiple source files (python#102651)
  pythonGH-100987: Don't cache references to the names and consts array in `_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault`. (python#102640)
  pythongh-87092: refactor assemble() to a number of separate functions, which do not need the compiler struct (python#102562)
  pythongh-102192: Replace PyErr_Fetch/Restore etc by more efficient alternatives (python#102631)
  ...

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -111,6 +111,9 @@ jobs:
         run: make smelly
       - name: Check limited ABI symbols
         run: make check-limited-abi
+      - name: Check for unsupported C global variables
+        if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'  # $GITHUB_EVENT_NAME
+        run: make check-c-globals
 
   build_win32:
     name: 'Windows (x86)'

Doc/c-api/gcsupport.rst

@@ -228,3 +228,36 @@ garbage collection runs.
    Returns the current state, 0 for disabled and 1 for enabled.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.10
+
+
+Querying Garbage Collector State
+--------------------------------
+
+The C-API provides the following interface for querying information about
+the garbage collector.
+
+.. c:function:: void PyUnstable_GC_VisitObjects(gcvisitobjects_t callback, void *arg)
+
+   Run supplied *callback* on all live GC-capable objects. *arg* is passed through to
+   all invocations of *callback*.
+
+   .. warning::
+      If new objects are (de)allocated by the callback it is undefined if they
+      will be visited.
+
+      Garbage collection is disabled during operation. Explicitly running a collection
+      in the callback may lead to undefined behaviour e.g. visiting the same objects
+      multiple times or not at all.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.12
+
+.. c:type:: int (*gcvisitobjects_t)(PyObject *object, void *arg)
+
+   Type of the visitor function to be passed to :c:func:`PyUnstable_GC_VisitObjects`.
+   *arg* is the same as the *arg* passed to ``PyUnstable_GC_VisitObjects``.
+   Return ``0`` to continue iteration, return ``1`` to stop iteration. Other return
+   values are reserved for now so behavior on returning anything else is undefined.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.12
+
+

Doc/library/__main__.rst

@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ one mentioned below are preferred.
 
    See :mod:`venv` for an example of a package with a minimal ``__main__.py``
    in the standard library. It doesn't contain a ``if __name__ == '__main__'``
-   block. You can invoke it with ``python3 -m venv [directory]``.
+   block. You can invoke it with ``python -m venv [directory]``.
 
    See :mod:`runpy` for more details on the :option:`-m` flag to the
    interpreter executable.

Doc/library/asyncio-task.rst

@@ -814,9 +814,6 @@ Waiting Primitives
    Raises :exc:`TimeoutError` if the timeout occurs before
    all Futures are done.
 
-   .. versionchanged:: 3.10
-      Removed the *loop* parameter.
-
    Example::
 
        for coro in as_completed(aws):

Doc/library/base64.rst

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ The modern interface provides:
    This allows an application to e.g. generate URL or filesystem safe Base64
    strings.  The default is ``None``, for which the standard Base64 alphabet is used.
 
-   May assert or raise a a :exc:`ValueError` if the length of *altchars* is not 2.  Raises a
+   May assert or raise a :exc:`ValueError` if the length of *altchars* is not 2.  Raises a
    :exc:`TypeError` if *altchars* is not a :term:`bytes-like object`.
 
 

Doc/library/concurrent.futures.rst

@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ ThreadPoolExecutor Example
            'http://www.cnn.com/',
            'http://europe.wsj.com/',
            'http://www.bbc.co.uk/',
-           'http://some-made-up-domain.com/']
+           'http://nonexistant-subdomain.python.org/']
 
    # Retrieve a single page and report the URL and contents
    def load_url(url, timeout):

Doc/library/dataclasses.rst

@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ Module contents
    :func:`astuple` raises :exc:`TypeError` if ``obj`` is not a dataclass
    instance.
 
-.. function:: make_dataclass(cls_name, fields, *, bases=(), namespace=None, init=True, repr=True, eq=True, order=False, unsafe_hash=False, frozen=False, match_args=True, kw_only=False, slots=False, weakref_slot=False)
+.. function:: make_dataclass(cls_name, fields, *, bases=(), namespace=None, init=True, repr=True, eq=True, order=False, unsafe_hash=False, frozen=False, match_args=True, kw_only=False, slots=False, weakref_slot=False, module=None)
 
    Creates a new dataclass with name ``cls_name``, fields as defined
    in ``fields``, base classes as given in ``bases``, and initialized
@@ -401,6 +401,10 @@ Module contents
    ``match_args``, ``kw_only``, ``slots``, and ``weakref_slot`` have
    the same meaning as they do in :func:`dataclass`.
 
+   If ``module`` is defined, the ``__module__`` attribute
+   of the dataclass is set to that value.
+   By default, it is set to the module name of the caller.
+
    This function is not strictly required, because any Python
    mechanism for creating a new class with ``__annotations__`` can
    then apply the :func:`dataclass` function to convert that class to

Doc/library/dis.rst

@@ -57,9 +57,9 @@ the following command can be used to display the disassembly of
      2           0 RESUME                   0
    <BLANKLINE>
      3           2 LOAD_GLOBAL              1 (NULL + len)
-                14 LOAD_FAST                0 (alist)
-                16 CALL                     1
-                26 RETURN_VALUE
+                12 LOAD_FAST                0 (alist)
+                14 CALL                     1
+                24 RETURN_VALUE
 
 (The "2" is a line number).
 

Doc/library/importlib.metadata.rst

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ something into it:
 
 .. code-block:: shell-session
 
-    $ python3 -m venv example
+    $ python -m venv example
     $ source example/bin/activate
     (example) $ python -m pip install wheel
 

Doc/library/inspect.rst

@@ -1440,8 +1440,8 @@ code execution::
            pass
 
 
-Current State of Generators and Coroutines
-------------------------------------------
+Current State of Generators, Coroutines, and Asynchronous Generators
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 When implementing coroutine schedulers and for other advanced uses of
 generators, it is useful to determine whether a generator is currently
@@ -1476,6 +1476,22 @@ generator to be determined easily.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.5
 
+.. function:: getasyncgenstate(agen)
+
+   Get current state of an asynchronous generator object.  The function is
+   intended to be used with asynchronous iterator objects created by
+   :keyword:`async def` functions which use the :keyword:`yield` statement,
+   but will accept any asynchronous generator-like object that has
+   ``ag_running`` and ``ag_frame`` attributes.
+
+   Possible states are:
+    * AGEN_CREATED: Waiting to start execution.
+    * AGEN_RUNNING: Currently being executed by the interpreter.
+    * AGEN_SUSPENDED: Currently suspended at a yield expression.
+    * AGEN_CLOSED: Execution has completed.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.12
+
 The current internal state of the generator can also be queried. This is
 mostly useful for testing purposes, to ensure that internal state is being
 updated as expected:
@@ -1507,6 +1523,14 @@ updated as expected:
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.5
 
+.. function:: getasyncgenlocals(agen)
+
+   This function is analogous to :func:`~inspect.getgeneratorlocals`, but
+   works for asynchronous generator objects created by :keyword:`async def`
+   functions which use the :keyword:`yield` statement.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.12
+
 
 .. _inspect-module-co-flags:
 

Doc/library/os.rst

@@ -2188,6 +2188,69 @@ features:
       Accepts a :term:`path-like object`.
 
 
+.. function:: listdrives()
+
+   Return a list containing the names of drives on a Windows system.
+
+   A drive name typically looks like ``'C:\\'``. Not every drive name
+   will be associated with a volume, and some may be inaccessible for
+   a variety of reasons, including permissions, network connectivity
+   or missing media. This function does not test for access.
+
+   May raise :exc:`OSError` if an error occurs collecting the drive
+   names.
+
+   .. audit-event:: os.listdrives "" os.listdrives
+
+   .. availability:: Windows
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.12
+
+
+.. function:: listmounts(volume)
+
+   Return a list containing the mount points for a volume on a Windows
+   system.
+
+   *volume* must be represented as a GUID path, like those returned by
+   :func:`os.listvolumes`. Volumes may be mounted in multiple locations
+   or not at all. In the latter case, the list will be empty. Mount
+   points that are not associated with a volume will not be returned by
+   this function.
+
+   The mount points return by this function will be absolute paths, and
+   may be longer than the drive name.
+
+   Raises :exc:`OSError` if the volume is not recognized or if an error
+   occurs collecting the paths.
+
+   .. audit-event:: os.listmounts volume os.listmounts
+
+   .. availability:: Windows
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.12
+
+
+.. function:: listvolumes()
+
+   Return a list containing the volumes in the system.
+
+   Volumes are typically represented as a GUID path that looks like
+   ``\\?\Volume{xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx}\``. Files can
+   usually be accessed through a GUID path, permissions allowing.
+   However, users are generally not familiar with them, and so the
+   recommended use of this function is to retrieve mount points
+   using :func:`os.listmounts`.
+
+   May raise :exc:`OSError` if an error occurs collecting the volumes.
+
+   .. audit-event:: os.listvolumes "" os.listvolumes
+
+   .. availability:: Windows
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.12
+
+
 .. function:: lstat(path, *, dir_fd=None)
 
    Perform the equivalent of an :c:func:`lstat` system call on the given path.

Doc/library/pdb.rst

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ of the debugger is::
 :file:`pdb.py` can also be invoked as a script to debug other scripts.  For
 example::
 
-   python3 -m pdb myscript.py
+   python -m pdb myscript.py
 
 When invoked as a script, pdb will automatically enter post-mortem debugging if
 the program being debugged exits abnormally.  After post-mortem debugging (or
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ useful than quitting the debugger upon program's exit.
 
 .. versionadded:: 3.7
    :file:`pdb.py` now accepts a ``-m`` option that execute modules similar to the way
-   ``python3 -m`` does. As with a script, the debugger will pause execution just
+   ``python -m`` does. As with a script, the debugger will pause execution just
    before the first line of the module.
 
 

Doc/library/subprocess.rst

@@ -1622,7 +1622,7 @@ that.
 It is safe to set these to false on any Python version. They will have no
 effect on older versions when unsupported. Do not assume the attributes are
 available to read. Despite their names, a true value does not indicate that the
-corresponding function will be used, only that that it may be.
+corresponding function will be used, only that it may be.
 
 Please file issues any time you have to use these private knobs with a way to
 reproduce the issue you were seeing. Link to that issue from a comment in your

Doc/library/threading.rst

@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ The instance's values will be different for separate threads.
    A class that represents thread-local data.
 
    For more details and extensive examples, see the documentation string of the
-   :mod:`_threading_local` module.
+   :mod:`_threading_local` module: :source:`Lib/_threading_local.py`.
 
 
 .. _thread-objects: