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centos/cloud/docs/QEMU_NVIDIA_JETSON_ARM64_CENTOS_CLOUD_IMAGE_MANUAL.md

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+# QEMU CentOS Cloud Images
+
+More detailed documentation on cloud-init with RHEL can be found here:
+https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html/configuring_and_managing_cloud-init_for_rhel_9/configuring-cloud-init_cloud-content#configuring-cloud-init_cloud-content
+
+## CentOS Stream 9 
+
+Download the CentOS Cloud Image
+```
+$ curl -LO https://cloud.centos.org/centos/9-stream/aarch64/images/CentOS-Stream-GenericCloud-9-latest.aarch64.qcow2.SHA256SUM
+$ curl -LO https://cloud.centos.org/centos/9-stream/aarch64/images/CentOS-Stream-GenericCloud-9-latest.aarch64.qcow2
+
+$ qemu-img info CentOS-Stream-GenericCloud-9-latest.aarch64.qcow2
+image: CentOS-Stream-GenericCloud-9-latest.aarch64.qcow2
+file format: qcow2
+virtual size: 10 GiB (10737418240 bytes)
+disk size: 985 MiB
+cluster_size: 65536
+Format specific information:
+    compat: 0.10
+    refcount bits: 16
+
+$ qemu-img convert \
+    -O qcow2 \
+    CentOS-Stream-GenericCloud-9-latest.aarch64.qcow2 \
+    centos-stream-9.qcow2
+
+# Resize the image
+$ qemu-img resize \
+    -f qcow2 \
+    centos-stream-9.qcow2 32G
+```
+
+Create a cloud-init configuration
+
+```
+touch network-config
+
+cat >meta-data <<EOF
+instance-id: centos-stream-9
+local-hostname: centos-stream-9
+EOF
+
+cat <<EOF > user-data
+#cloud-config
+password: superseekret
+chpasswd:
+  expire: False
+ssh_pwauth: True
+EOF
+```
+
+Create the cloud-init ISO
+
+```
+sudo apt-get update
+sudo apt-get install genisoimage
+genisoimage \
+    -input-charset utf-8 \
+    -output cloud-init.iso \
+    -volid cidata -rational-rock -joliet \
+    user-data meta-data network-config
+```
+
+Create a firmware image
+
+```
+# Qemu expects aarch firmware images to be 64M so the firmware
+# images can't be used as is, some padding is needed to
+# create an image for pflash
+dd if=/dev/zero of=flash0.img bs=1M count=64
+dd if=/usr/share/AAVMF/AAVMF_CODE.fd of=flash0.img conv=notrunc
+dd if=/dev/zero of=flash1.img bs=1M count=64
+```
+
+Run the VM with QEMU
+
+```
+# login: cloud-user
+qemu-system-aarch64 \
+  -name centos-stream-9 \
+  -machine virt,accel=kvm,gic-version=3,kernel-irqchip=on \
+  -cpu host \
+  -smp 2 \
+  -m 2G \
+  -device virtio-keyboard \
+  -device virtio-mouse \
+  -device virtio-gpu-pci \
+  -nographic \
+  -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=net0 \
+  -netdev user,id=net0,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22 \
+  -drive file=centos-stream-9.qcow2,if=virtio,format=qcow2 \
+  -cdrom cloud-init.iso \
+  -drive if=pflash,format=raw,readonly=on,unit=0,file=flash0.img \
+  -drive if=pflash,format=raw,unit=1,file=flash1.img
+
+Ctrl-a h: Show help (displays all available commands).
+Ctrl-a x: Exit QEMU.
+Ctrl-a c: Switch between the monitor and the console.
+Ctrl-a s: Send a break signal.
+```
+
+Login to the image
+
+```
+# cloud-user / superseekret
+ssh cloud-user@localhost -p 2222
+```