feat(cli): throw typed errors

[mrgrain]

Reason for this change

In #32548 we enabled typed errors for some places in the CLI.
However many places were missed and the eslint rule wasn't enabled to enforce it in future.

Description of changes

Enforce by enabling the respective eslint rule.
Also adds and implements the eslint rule in the toolkit.

This has little functional effect since all new errors are still Errors. The printed output of an error will slightly change.

Describe any new or updated permissions being added

n/a

Description of how you validated changes

existing tests

Checklist

• My code adheres to the CONTRIBUTING GUIDE and DESIGN GUIDELINES

---

By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Apache-2.0 license

[aws-cdk-automation]

The pull request linter fails with the following errors:

❌ CLI code has changed. A maintainer must run the code through the testing pipeline (git fetch origin pull/33005/head && git push -f origin FETCH_HEAD:test-main-pipeline), then add the 'pr-linter/cli-integ-tested' label when the pipeline succeeds.

If you believe this pull request should receive an exemption, please comment and provide a justification. A comment requesting an exemption should contain the text Exemption Request. Additionally, if clarification is needed, add Clarification Request to a comment.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 54.72973% with 67 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 81.44%. Comparing base (72e089b) to head (9be5a2e).
Report is 4 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #33005      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   81.39%   81.44%   +0.04%     
==========================================
  Files         225      225              
  Lines       13714    13750      +36     
  Branches     2411     2412       +1     
==========================================
+ Hits        11162    11198      +36     
  Misses       2277     2277              
  Partials      275      275              

Flag	Coverage Δ
suite.unit	81.44% <54.72%> (+0.04%)	⬆️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Components	Coverage Δ
packages/aws-cdk	80.80% <54.72%> (+0.09%)	⬆️
packages/aws-cdk-lib/core	82.10% <ø> (ø)

[aws-cdk-automation]

AWS CodeBuild CI Report

• CodeBuild project: AutoBuildv2Project1C6BFA3F-wQm2hXv2jqQv
• Commit ID: 9be5a2e
• Result: SUCCEEDED
• Build Logs (available for 30 days)

Powered by github-codebuild-logs, available on the AWS Serverless Application Repository

[aws-cdk-automation]

➡️ PR build request submitted to test-main-pipeline ⬅️

A maintainer must now check the pipeline and add the pr-linter/cli-integ-tested label once the pipeline succeeds.

[mrgrain]

CLI integ tests passed. Pipeline execution: 657f3b62
Bypassing Codecov patch rule for this mainly PR.

[github-actions]

Comments on closed issues and PRs are hard for our team to see.
If you need help, please open a new issue that references this one.