Refactor `CallOutcome` to `Result` #40756

Job	Run time
cargo fmt	20s
Determine changes	9s
cargo build (release)	0s
mkdocs	2m 37s
pre-commit	3m 20s
python package	1m 24s
cargo clippy	2m 13s
cargo test (linux)	2m 8s
cargo test (linux, release)	4m 35s
cargo test (windows)	5m 18s
cargo build (msrv)	2m 2s
cargo fuzz build	4m 41s
cargo shear	23s
cargo test (wasm)	1m 36s
formatter instabilities and black similarity	0s
test scripts	1m 6s
benchmarks	5m 12s
ecosystem	24s
test ruff-lsp	45s
fuzz parser	0s
	38m 13s

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