Jade is a high performance template engine heavily influenced by Haml and implemented with JavaScript for node.
- high performance parser
- great readability
- code is escaped by default for security
- contextual error reporting at compile & run time
- executable for compiling jade templates via the command line
- html 5 mode (using the !!! 5 doctype)
- optional memory caching
- combine dynamic and static tag classes
- parse tree manipulation via filters
- supports Express JS out of the box
- transparent iteration over objects, arrays, and even non-enumerables via
- each - no tag prefix
- filters
- :sass must have sass.js installed
- :less must have less.js installed
- :markdown must have markdown-js installed or node-discount
- :cdata
- :javascript
- :coffeescript must have coffee-script installed
- Vim Syntax
- TextMate Bundle
- Screencasts
via npm:
npm install jade
var jade = require('jade');
// Render a string
jade.render('string of jade', { options: 'here' });
// Render a file
jade.renderFile('path/to/some.jade', { options: 'here' }, function(err, html){
// options are optional,
// the callback can be the second arg
});
scopeEvaluation scope (this)localsLocal variable objectfilenameUsed in exceptions, and required bycachecacheCache intermediate JavaScript in memory keyed byfilenamedebugOutputs tokens and function body generatedcompilerCompiler to replace jade's default
CRLF and CR are converted to LF before parsing.
Jade is indentation based, however currently only supports a 2 space indent. Tabs are converted to 2 spaces before they hit the lexer.
A tag is simply a leading word:
html
for example is converted to <html></html>
tags can also have ids:
div#container
which would render <div id="container"></div>
how about some classes?
div.user-details
renders <div class="user-details"></div>
multiple classes? and an id? sure:
div#foo.bar.baz
renders <div id="foo" class="bar baz"></div>
div div div sure is annoying, how about:
#foo
.bar
which is syntactic sugar for what we have already been doing, and outputs:
`<div id="foo"></div><div class="bar"></div>`
Simply place some content after the tag:
p wahoo!
renders <p>wahoo!</p>.
well cool, but how about large bodies of text:
p
| foo bar baz
| rawr rawr
| super cool
| go jade go
renders <p>foo bar baz rawr.....</p>
interpolation? yup! both types of text can utilize interpolation,
if we passed { locals: { name: 'tj', email: 'tj@vision-media.ca' }} to render()
we can do the following:
#user #{name} <#{email}>
outputs <div id="user">tj <tj@vision-media.ca></div>
Actually want #{} for some reason? escape it!
p \#{something}
now we have <p>#{something}</p>
We can also utilize the unescaped variant !{html}, so the following
will result in a literal script tag:
- var html = "<script></script>"
| !{html}
Nested tags that also contain text can optionally use a text block:
label
| Username:
input(name='user[name]')
or immediate tag text:
label Username:
input(name='user[name]')
Single line comments currently look the same as JavaScript comments, aka "//" and must be placed on their own line:
// just some paragraphs
p foo
p bar
would output
<!-- just some paragraphs -->
<p>foo</p>
<p>bar</p>
Jade also supports unbuffered comments, by simply adding a hyphen:
//- will not output within markup
p foo
p bar
outputting
<p>foo</p>
<p>bar</p>
ul
li one
li two
li three
Messed up your whitespace? no worries, jade's error reporting should help you out. Jade instruments the compiled JavaScript to provide meaningful context for runtime exceptions.
ul
li one
li two
Error: /Users/tj/Projects/jade/examples/layout.jade:2
1. 'ul'
2. ' li one'
Invalid indentation, got 2 expected 1.
Note: Trailing outdents are generated on EOS (end-of-source) if not present.
Jade currently supports '(' and ')' as attribute delimiters.
a(href='/login', title='View login page') Login
Alternatively we may use the colon to separate pairs:
a(href: '/login', title: 'View login page') Login
Boolean attributes are also supported:
input(type="checkbox", checked)
Boolean attributes with code will only output the attribute when true:
input(type="checkbox", checked: someValue)
Note: Leading / trailing whitespace is ignored for attr pairs.
To add a doctype simply use !!! followed by an optional value:
!!!
Will output the transitional doctype, however:
!!! 5
Will output html 5's doctype. Below are the doctypes defined by default, which can easily be extended: var doctypes = exports.doctypes = { '5': '', 'xml': '', 'default': '', 'transitional': '', 'strict': '', 'frameset': '', '1.1': '', 'basic': '', 'mobile': '' };
To alter the default simply change:
jade.doctypes.default = 'whatever you want';
Filters are prefixed with :, for example :markdown and
pass the following block of text to an arbitrary function for processing. View the features
at the top of this document for available filters.
body
:markdown
| Woah! jade _and_ markdown, very **cool**
| we can even link to [stuff](http://google.com)
Renders:
<body><p>Woah! jade <em>and</em> markdown, very <strong>cool</strong> we can even link to <a href="http://google.com">stuff</a></p></body>
Filters may also now manipulate the parse tree. For example perhaps I want to bake conditionals right into jade, we could do so with a filter named conditionals. Typically filters work on text blocks, however by passing a regular block our filter can do anything it wants with the tags nested within it.
body
:conditionals
if role == 'admin'
p You are amazing
else
p Not so amazing
Not that we no longer prefix with "-" for these code blocks. Examples of how to manipulate the parse tree can be found at ./examples/conditionals.js and ./examples/model.js. There are several interesting use-cases for this functionality above what was shown above such as transparently aggregating / compressing assets to reduce the number of HTTP requests, transparent record error reporting, and more.
Jade currently supports three classifications of executable code. The first
is prefixed by -, and is not buffered:
- var foo = 'bar';
This can be used for conditionals, or iteration:
- for (var key in obj)
p= obj[key]
Due to Jade's buffering techniques the following is valid as well:
- if (foo)
ul
li yay
li foo
li worked
- else
p oh no! didnt work
Hell, even verbose iteration:
- if (items.length)
ul
- items.forEach(function(item){
li= item
- })
Anything you want!
Next up we have escaped buffered code, which is used to
buffer a return value, which is prefixed by =:
- var foo = 'bar'
= foo
h1= foo
Which outputs bar<h1>bar<h1/>. Code buffered by = is escaped
by default for security, however to output unescaped return values
you may use !=:
p!= aVarContainingMoreHTML
The on exception made in terms of allowing "vanilla" JavaScript, is
the - each token. This takes the form of:
- each VAL[, KEY] in OBJ
An example iterating over an array:
- var items = ["one", "two", "three"]
- each item in items
li= item
outputs:
<li>one</li>
<li>two</li>
<li>three</li>
iterating an object's keys and values:
- var obj = { foo: 'bar' }
- each val, key in obj
li #{key}: #{val}
would output <li>foo: bar</li>
You can also nest these!
- each user in users
- each role in user.roles
li= role
Output html to stdout:
jade examples/*.jade --pipe
Generate examples/*.html:
jade examples/*.jade
Pass options:
jade examples/layout.jade --options '{ locals: { title: "foo" }}'
Usage info:
�Usage: jade [options] <path ...>
�Options:
-o, --options STR JavaScript options object passed
-p, --pipe Output to stdout instead of PATH.html
-h, --help Output help information
(The MIT License)
Copyright (c) 2009-2010 TJ Holowaychuk <tj@vision-media.ca>
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the 'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.