[WebGPU] Support warp-level shuffle primitives with subgroup

[CharlieFRuan]

Overview

This PR supports warp-level shuffle primitives using the newly introduced subgroup in WebGPU. We then use them in the implementation of allreduce lowering.

The introduced primitives are:

• subgroupShuffle()
• subgroupShuffleUp()
• subgroupShuffleDown()

This PR largely follows the Metal counterpart:

• [Codegen][Metal] Support metal warp-level primitive #15401

Tested with Llama3.2-1B-q4f16_1 and Llama3.1-8B-q4f16_1 E2E with WebLLM. The dumped WebGPU kernel indeed contains subgroup shuffle primitives: https://gist.github.com/CharlieFRuan/cb54a8db0513ecbbc16c5de8df5ab845

Remaining TODOs

• Benchmark speedup
• Be able to parameterize whether to use subgroup or not when targeting WebGPU, since not all devices support it
• Check GPUFeatureName's inclusion of subgroups in @webgpu/types
• Some WebGPU devices can have > 256 max num thread per block, be able to target different kinds

Resources

• https://github.com/gpuweb/gpuweb/blob/859fdd4a803a11e7b8de70483aa75c365be18b0e/proposals/subgroups.md
• https://www.w3.org/TR/WGSL/#subgroup-builtin-functions
• https://developer.chrome.com/blog/new-in-webgpu-134?hl=en

[beaufortfrancois]

@webgpu/types 0.1.55 should work now. See gpuweb/types#167

[CharlieFRuan]

Great, thanks!