Run rustdoc in CI and error if warnings

[alamb]

Which issue does this PR close?

Re #1267
closes #232

Rationale for this change

Once we have doc links fixed, ensure they don't get broken again by checking in CI

What changes are included in this PR?

Update the clippy check to also run cargo doc and fail on any warnings

Are there any user-facing changes?

No

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Merging #1266 (52581f8) into master (43299cc) will decrease coverage by 0.00%.
The diff coverage is n/a.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #1266      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   83.02%   83.02%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         180      180              
  Lines       52269    52269              
==========================================
- Hits        43398    43396       -2     
- Misses       8871     8873       +2     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
parquet_derive/src/parquet_field.rs	65.98% <0.00%> (-0.46%)	⬇️
arrow/src/array/transform/mod.rs	84.64% <0.00%> (ø)

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