fix: don't clobber saved frame pointer in arm64 assembly functions

The arm64 neon assembly functions in this repository overwrite the frame
pointer saved by their callers, leading to crashes from the Go runtime
execution tracer and profilers which use frame pointer unwinding. For
historical reasons, on arm64 Go functions save the caller's frame
pointer register (x29) one word below their stack frame. See
go.dev/s/regabi#arm64-architecture. The assembly functions here,
translated from C compiler output, save values at the top of their
frame, and overwrite the frame pointer saved by the caller. We can fix
this by decrementing the stack pointer past where that frame pointer is
saved before saving anything on the stack.

Fixed with this sed script on my macos laptop + manual cleanup to match
indentation:

```sed
/stp[\t ]*x29/i\
	// The Go ABI saves the frame pointer register one word below the \
	// caller's frame. Make room so we don't overwrite it. Needs to stay \
	// 16-byte aligned \
	SUB $16, RSP

/ldp[\t ]*x29/a\
	// Put the stack pointer back where it was \
	ADD $16, RSP

```

Ran the script from the root of this repository with

	find . -name '*_arm64.s' -exec sed -f fix.sed -i '' {} +

Then manually inspected the assembly for missing SUBs/ADDs at the
beginning of functions and prior to returns.

Fixes #150

arrow/compute/internal/kernels/cast_numeric_neon_arm64.s

@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ TEXT ·_cast_type_numeric_neon(SB), $0-40
     MOVD len+32(FP), R4
 
 
+    // The Go ABI saves the frame pointer register one word below the 
+    // caller's frame. Make room so we don't overwrite it. Needs to stay 
+    // 16-byte aligned 
+    SUB $16, RSP
     WORD $0xa9bf7bfd // stp    x29, x30, [sp, #-16]!
     WORD $0x7100181f // cmp    w0, #6
     WORD $0x910003fd // mov    x29, sp
@@ -4447,6 +4451,8 @@ LBB0_892:
     BNE LBB0_892
 LBB0_893:
     WORD $0xa8c17bfd // ldp    x29, x30, [sp], #16
+    // Put the stack pointer back where it was 
+    ADD $16, RSP
     RET
 LBB0_894:
     WORD $0x927b6909 // and x9, x8, #0xffffffe0

arrow/math/int64_neon_arm64.s

@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@ TEXT ·_sum_int64_neon(SB), $0-24
 	MOVD	len+8(FP), R1
 	MOVD	res+16(FP), R2
 
+	// The Go ABI saves the frame pointer register one word below the 
+	// caller's frame. Make room so we don't overwrite it. Needs to stay 
+	// 16-byte aligned 
+	SUB $16, RSP
 	WORD $0xa9bf7bfd // stp x29, x30, [sp, #-16]!
 	WORD $0x910003fd // mov x29, sp
 	CBZ R1, LBB0_3
@@ -23,6 +27,8 @@ LBB0_3:
 	WORD $0xaa1f03e9 // mov     x9, xzr
 	WORD $0xf9000049 // str     x9, [x2]
 	WORD $0xa8c17bfd // ldp     x29, x30, [sp], #16
+	// Put the stack pointer back where it was 
+	ADD $16, RSP
 	RET
 LBB0_4:
 	WORD $0x927ef428 // and     x8, x1, #0xfffffffffffffffc
@@ -54,5 +60,7 @@ LBB0_8:
 LBB0_9:
 	WORD $0xf9000049 // str     x9, [x2]
 	WORD $0xa8c17bfd // ldp     x29, x30, [sp], #16
+	// Put the stack pointer back where it was 
+	ADD $16, RSP
 	RET
 

arrow/math/uint64_neon_arm64.s

@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@ TEXT ·_sum_uint64_neon(SB), $0-24
 	MOVD	len+8(FP), R1
 	MOVD	res+16(FP), R2
 
+	// The Go ABI saves the frame pointer register one word below the 
+	// caller's frame. Make room so we don't overwrite it. Needs to stay 
+	// 16-byte aligned 
+	SUB $16, RSP
 	WORD $0xa9bf7bfd // stp x29, x30, [sp, #-16]!
 	WORD $0x910003fd // mov x29, sp
 	CBZ R1, LBB0_3
@@ -23,6 +27,8 @@ LBB0_3:
 	WORD $0xaa1f03e9 // mov     x9, xzr
 	WORD $0xf9000049 // str     x9, [x2]
 	WORD $0xa8c17bfd // ldp     x29, x30, [sp], #16
+	// Put the stack pointer back where it was 
+	ADD $16, RSP
 	RET
 LBB0_4:
 	WORD $0x927ef428 // and     x8, x1, #0xfffffffffffffffc
@@ -54,5 +60,7 @@ LBB0_8:
 LBB0_9:
 	WORD $0xf9000049 // str     x9, [x2]
 	WORD $0xa8c17bfd // ldp     x29, x30, [sp], #16
+	// Put the stack pointer back where it was 
+	ADD $16, RSP
 	RET
 

arrow/memory/memory_neon_arm64.s

@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@ TEXT ·_memset_neon(SB), $0-24
 	MOVD	len+8(FP), R1
 	MOVD	c+16(FP), R2
 
+	// The Go ABI saves the frame pointer register one word below the 
+	// caller's frame. Make room so we don't overwrite it. Needs to stay 
+	// 16-byte aligned 
+	SUB $16, RSP
 	WORD $0xa9bf7bfd // stp    x29, x30, [sp, #-16]!
 	WORD $0x8b010008 // add    x8, x0, x1
 	WORD $0xeb00011f // cmp    x8, x0
@@ -40,4 +44,6 @@ LBB0_6:
 	BNE	LBB0_6
 LBB0_7:
 	WORD $0xa8c17bfd // ldp    x29, x30, [sp], #16
+	// Put the stack pointer back where it was 
+	ADD $16, RSP
 	RET

internal/utils/min_max_neon_arm64.s

@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@ TEXT ·_int32_max_min_neon(SB), $0-32
 	MOVD    minout+16(FP), R2
 	MOVD    maxout+24(FP), R3
 
+	// The Go ABI saves the frame pointer register one word below the 
+	// caller's frame. Make room so we don't overwrite it. Needs to stay 
+	// 16-byte aligned 
+	SUB $16, RSP
 	WORD $0xa9bf7bfd // stp x29, x30, [sp, #-16]!
 	WORD $0x7100043f // cmp    w1, #1
 	WORD $0x910003fd // mov    x29, sp
@@ -32,6 +36,8 @@ LBB0_3:
 	WORD $0xb900006b // str    w11, [x3]
 	WORD $0xb900004a // str    w10, [x2]
 	WORD $0xa8c17bfd // ldp    x29, x30, [sp], #16
+	// Put the stack pointer back where it was 
+	ADD $16, RSP
 	RET
 LBB0_4:
 	WORD $0x927e7509 // and    x9, x8, #0xfffffffc
@@ -76,6 +82,8 @@ LBB0_9:
 	WORD $0xb900006b // str    w11, [x3]
 	WORD $0xb900004a // str    w10, [x2]
 	WORD $0xa8c17bfd // ldp    x29, x30, [sp], #16
+	// Put the stack pointer back where it was 
+	ADD $16, RSP
 	RET
 
 // func _uint32_max_min_neon(values unsafe.Pointer, length int, minout, maxout unsafe.Pointer)
@@ -86,6 +94,10 @@ TEXT ·_uint32_max_min_neon(SB), $0-32
 	MOVD    minout+16(FP), R2
 	MOVD    maxout+24(FP), R3
 
+	// The Go ABI saves the frame pointer register one word below the 
+	// caller's frame. Make room so we don't overwrite it. Needs to stay 
+	// 16-byte aligned 
+	SUB $16, RSP
 	WORD $0xa9bf7bfd // stp x29, x30, [sp, #-16]!
 	WORD $0x7100043f // cmp    w1, #1
 	WORD $0x910003fd // mov    x29, sp
@@ -105,6 +117,8 @@ LBB1_3:
 	WORD $0xb900006a // str    w10, [x3]
 	WORD $0xb900004b // str    w11, [x2]
 	WORD $0xa8c17bfd // ldp    x29, x30, [sp], #16
+	// Put the stack pointer back where it was 
+	ADD $16, RSP
 	RET
 LBB1_4:
 	WORD $0x927e7509 // and    x9, x8, #0xfffffffc
@@ -149,6 +163,8 @@ LBB1_9:
 	WORD $0xb900006a // str    w10, [x3]
 	WORD $0xb900004b // str    w11, [x2]
 	WORD $0xa8c17bfd // ldp    x29, x30, [sp], #16
+	// Put the stack pointer back where it was 
+	ADD $16, RSP
 	RET
 
 // func _int64_max_min_neon(values unsafe.Pointer, length int, minout, maxout unsafe.Pointer)
@@ -159,6 +175,10 @@ TEXT ·_int64_max_min_neon(SB), $0-32
         MOVD    minout+16(FP), R2
         MOVD    maxout+24(FP), R3
 
+	// The Go ABI saves the frame pointer register one word below the 
+	// caller's frame. Make room so we don't overwrite it. Needs to stay 
+	// 16-byte aligned 
+	SUB $16, RSP
 	WORD $0xa9bf7bfd // stp    x29, x30, [sp, #-16]!
 	WORD $0x7100043f // cmp    w1, #1
 	WORD $0x910003fd // mov    x29, sp
@@ -178,6 +198,8 @@ LBB2_3:
 	WORD $0xf900006b // str    x11, [x3]
 	WORD $0xf900004a // str    x10, [x2]
 	WORD $0xa8c17bfd // ldp    x29, x30, [sp], #16
+	// Put the stack pointer back where it was 
+	ADD $16, RSP
 	RET
 LBB2_4:
 	WORD $0x927e7509 // and    x9, x8, #0xfffffffc
@@ -234,6 +256,8 @@ LBB2_9:
 	WORD $0xf900006b // str    x11, [x3]
 	WORD $0xf900004a // str    x10, [x2]
 	WORD $0xa8c17bfd // ldp    x29, x30, [sp], #16
+	// Put the stack pointer back where it was 
+	ADD $16, RSP
 	RET
 
 
@@ -245,6 +269,10 @@ TEXT ·_uint64_max_min_neon(SB), $0-32
         MOVD    minout+16(FP), R2
         MOVD    maxout+24(FP), R3
 
+	// The Go ABI saves the frame pointer register one word below the 
+	// caller's frame. Make room so we don't overwrite it. Needs to stay 
+	// 16-byte aligned 
+	SUB $16, RSP
 	WORD $0xa9bf7bfd // stp    x29, x30, [sp, #-16]!
 	WORD $0x7100043f // cmp    w1, #1
 	WORD $0x910003fd // mov    x29, sp
@@ -264,6 +292,8 @@ LBB3_3:
 	WORD $0xf900006a // str    x10, [x3]
 	WORD $0xf900004b // str    x11, [x2]
 	WORD $0xa8c17bfd // ldp    x29, x30, [sp], #16
+	// Put the stack pointer back where it was 
+	ADD $16, RSP
 	RET
 LBB3_4:
 	WORD $0x927e7509 // and    x9, x8, #0xfffffffc
@@ -320,5 +350,7 @@ LBB3_9:
 	WORD $0xf900006a // str    x10, [x3]
 	WORD $0xf900004b // str    x11, [x2]
 	WORD $0xa8c17bfd // ldp    x29, x30, [sp], #16
+	// Put the stack pointer back where it was 
+	ADD $16, RSP
 	RET
 

parquet/internal/bmi/bitmap_neon_arm64.s

@@ -8,6 +8,10 @@ TEXT ·_levels_to_bitmap_neon(SB), $0-32
     MOVD numLevels+8(FP), R1
     MOVD rhs+16(FP), R2
 
+    // The Go ABI saves the frame pointer register one word below the 
+    // caller's frame. Make room so we don't overwrite it. Needs to stay 
+    // 16-byte aligned 
+    SUB $16, RSP
     WORD $0xa9bf7bfd // stp    x29, x30, [sp, #-16]!
     WORD $0x7100043f // cmp    w1, #1
     WORD $0x910003fd // mov    x29, sp
@@ -79,6 +83,8 @@ LBB1_7:
     BNE LBB1_7
 LBB1_8:
     WORD $0xa8c17bfd // ldp    x29, x30, [sp], #16
+    // Put the stack pointer back where it was 
+    ADD $16, RSP
     MOVD R8, res+24(FP)
     RET
 

parquet/internal/utils/bit_packing_neon_arm64.s

@@ -281,6 +281,10 @@ TEXT ·_unpack32_neon(SB), $0-40
 	// LEAQ LCDATA1<>(SB), BP
 
 	// %bb.0:
+	// The Go ABI saves the frame pointer register one word below the 
+	// caller's frame. Make room so we don't overwrite it. Needs to stay 
+	// 16-byte aligned 
+	SUB $16, RSP
 	WORD $0xa9ba7bfd // stp    x29, x30, [sp, #-96]!
 	WORD $0xd10643e9 // sub    x9, sp, #400
 	WORD $0xa9016ffc // stp    x28, x27, [sp, #16]
@@ -6922,5 +6926,7 @@ LBB0_156:
 	WORD $0xa94267fa    // ldp    x26, x25, [sp, #32]
 	WORD $0xa9416ffc    // ldp    x28, x27, [sp, #16]
 	WORD $0xa8c67bfd    // ldp    x29, x30, [sp], #96
+	// Put the stack pointer back where it was 
+	ADD $16, RSP
 	MOVD R0, num+32(FP)
 	RET

parquet/internal/utils/unpack_bool_neon_arm64.s

@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@ TEXT ·_bytes_to_bools_neon(SB), $0-32
     MOVD out+16(FP), R2
     MOVD outlen+24(FP), R3
 
+    // The Go ABI saves the frame pointer register one word below the 
+    // caller's frame. Make room so we don't overwrite it. Needs to stay 
+    // 16-byte aligned 
+    SUB $16, RSP
     WORD $0xa9bf7bfd // stp    x29, x30, [sp, #-16]!
     WORD $0x7100043f // cmp    w1, #1
     WORD $0x910003fd // mov    x29, sp
@@ -78,4 +82,6 @@ LBB0_3:
     JMP LBB0_2
 LBB0_12:
     WORD $0xa8c17bfd // ldp    x29, x30, [sp], #16
+    // Put the stack pointer back where it was 
+    ADD $16, RSP
     RET