forallx-adl.sty

%!TEX root = forallx-adl.tex
\ProvidesPackage{forallx-adl}[2011/10/29 support for a logic textbook]
% The original forallx.sty was written in 2005
% Comments marked "TB" are additions by Tim Button in September 2012
% Comments marked "Æ" are additions by Antony Eagle from June 2017
\PassOptionsToPackage{dvipsnames}{xcolor}
\RequirePackage{latexsym,amssymb,amsmath,hyperref,multicol,ifthen,graphicx,rotating,xcolor}
\usepackage[numbered]{bookmark} %TB: added for speedy navigation

% XeLaTeX font commands - Æ
\usepackage{fontspec}
\defaultfontfeatures{Mapping=tex-text,Scale=MatchLowercase}
\setmainfont[Numbers=OldStyle,Ligatures={Common}]{Palatino Linotype} % Æ loathes Computer Modern
\setsansfont[Numbers=OldStyle,Ligatures={Common},Scale=MatchLowercase,ScaleAgain=0.93,BoldFont={Avenir Next Demi Bold},BoldItalicFont={Avenir Next Demi Bold Italic}]{Avenir Next}
\setmonofont[Scale=MatchLowercase]{Iosevka Fixed Light}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage[math-style=ISO,mathbf=sym,bold-style=ISO,mathsf=text,warnings-off={mathtools-colon,mathtools-overbracket}]{unicode-math}
\setoperatorfont{\rmfamily}
\setmathfont[Scale=MatchLowercase,ScaleAgain=0.94]{STIX Two Math}
% \setmathfont[range=up/{num},Numbers=OldStyle]{Palatino Linotype}
\newfontfamily\cjkfont{Yu Mincho}
\newfontfamily\dispfont[Numbers=OldStyle,Ligatures={Common},SizeFeatures={{Size=12-,Scale=2}}]{Palatino Linotype Bold Italic}

% packages added by Æ

\usepackage{polyglossia}
\setdefaultlanguage[variant=australian]{english}
\usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{metalogo}
\usepackage[norule,bottom,hang]{footmisc}
\frenchspacing 





%    ****************************************
%    *            LOGICAL SYMBOLS           *
%    ****************************************
%
% There are, of course, many different symbols used for the truth-functional
% connectives. In order to make the book adaptable, the symbols are defined
% here in the style sheet and these commands are used throughout the book.
% To change conjunction from the ampersand to the carat, for instance,
% change the definition of \eand from ~\&~ to \wedge. To change negation from
% the hoe to the tilde, change \enot from \neg to {\sim}. Other examples
% are given below.
%
\newcommand{\ttherefore}{\ensuremath{\mathrel{\therefore}}}
% disjunction
\def\eor{\ensuremath{\vee}}
% conjunction: 
% {\,^{_{_{_{_{\mbox{\footnotesize\textbullet}}}}}}} gives the dot
\def\eand{\ensuremath{\wedge}}
% conditional: \supset gives the horseshoe
\def\eif{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}
% biconditional: \equiv gives the triple bar
\def\eiff{\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}}
% negation: {\sim} gives the tilde
\def\enot{\ensuremath{\neg}}
\def\ered{\ensuremath{\bot}}% TB: added to give an absurdity sign
\def\maththe{\turnediota} % Æ added to used unicode rotated iota for definites
\def\proves{\ensuremath{\vdash}}
\def\entails{\ensuremath{\vDash}}
\def\nproves{\ensuremath{\nvdash}}
\def\nentails{\ensuremath{\nvDash}}

% These commands define the names of our languages; I like 'Sentential' instead of 'TFL' and 'Quantifier' instead of 'FOL' – but you might like to mix it up.
\newcommand{\TFL}{\textsf{Sentential}}
\newcommand{\FOL}{\textsf{Quantifier}} 

%    ****************************************
%    *        TITLE AND VERSION DATA        *
%    ****************************************
% the title of the book
\newcommand*{\forallx}{\texttt{forall}\script{x}}
\newcommand*{\forallxadl}{\texttt{forall}\script{x} \textsc{Adelaide}}
% The version number of the book is a 5 digit integer:
% the last digit of the year, the month, the day of the month
\newcounter{dummy}
\setcounter{dummy}{\year}
\addtocounter{dummy}{-2000}
\newcommand*{\bookversion}{%
	\ifthenelse{\arabic{dummy}<10}{0}{}%
	\arabic{dummy}%
	\ifthenelse{\month<10}{0}{}\number\month%
	\ifthenelse{\day<10}{0}{}\number\day%
}  



%    ****************************************
%    *       SYMBOLS AND SCRIPTY BITS       *
%    ****************************************
% equivalent to commenting something out, but usable on multiple lines
\providecommand{\nix}[1]{}

\newcommand*{\script}[1]{\ensuremath{\symscr{#1}}}
\renewcommand*{\meta}[1]{\ensuremath{\symscr{#1}}} % TB: used for all metavariables
% create a blank
\newcommand*{\gap}[1]{\ensuremath{\underbracket{\hspace*{2.5em}}_{#1}}} % TB: used for keys, to avoid use/mention confusion Æ made script
\newcommand*{\blank}{\gap{}}

% These are included for discussing formal semantics in predicate logic.
\newcommand*{\model}[1]{\ensuremath{\symbb{#1}}}
\newcommand*{\extension}[1]{\ensuremath{\mbox{extension}(#1)}}
\newcommand*{\referent}[1]{\ensuremath{\mbox{referent}(#1)}}
  % Many philosophers seem to think using < and > is acceptable for angle brackets, even though it is not. If you want to use them, though, you can replace \langle and \rangle in the commands below. 
\newcommand*{\openntuple}{\langle}
\newcommand*{\closentuple}{\rangle}
\newcommand*{\ntuple}[1]{\mbox{\ensuremath{\mathopen{\openntuple}}#1\ensuremath{\mathclose{\closentuple}}}} 
% definitions
\newcommand*{\define}[1]{\textsc{\lowercase{#1}}\index{#1}}
\newcommand*{\idefine}[1]{\textsc{\emph{\lowercase{#1}}}\index{#1@\emph{#1}}}
\newcommand{\subs}[2]{\vert_{#1\curvearrowright #2}} % Æ notation for uniform substitution of #1 for #2
\newcommand{\domain}{\text{domain}}

\newcommand{\httpurl}[1]{\href{https://#1}{\nolinkurl{#1}}} % new treatment of urls Æ

%    ****************************************
%    *          LIST  ENVIRONMENTS          *
%    ****************************************
% The {earg} environment is used for arguments and example sentences.
% The {ekey} environment is used for symbolization keys.
% Updated by Æ to attempt to keep arguments and examples together rather than widow premises and orphan conclusions – basically just stick in a minipage and vertically offset by topsep.
\newcounter{eargnum}
\newcounter{OLDeargnum}
\newenvironment{earg}{%
\vskip\topsep\begin{minipage}{\linewidth} % Added Æ
\begin{list}{\arabic{eargnum}.}{\usecounter{eargnum}\itemsep=0pt \parsep=0pt}}%
{\setcounter{OLDeargnum}{\arabic{eargnum}}\end{list}
\end{minipage}\vskip\topsep % Added Æ
}

%\newenvironment{itemize}% TB: added to give a nice bulleted enivronment
%{\begin{list}{\textbullet}{\itemsep=0pt \parsep=0pt}}%
%{\end{list}}

\newcommand{\ekeylabel}[1]{{\makebox[8ex][r]{\ensuremath{ #1}:}}}
\newenvironment{ekey}{
\vskip\topsep\begin{minipage}{\linewidth} % Added Æ
\begin{list}{}{\renewcommand{\makelabel}{\ekeylabel} \itemsep=0pt \parsep=0pt}}{\end{list}
\end{minipage}\vskip\topsep % Added Æ
}

% Used in conjunction with {earg}, this handles the numbering and
% references to example sentences:
\newcounter{Example}% [chapter] continuous numbering
\newcommand*{\ex}[1]{\refstepcounter{Example}(\arabic{Example}) \label{#1}}
% Used in specifying partial models, this keeps the lines justified so
% so that the = signs all line up. For example:
%	\begin{partialmodel}
%		UD			& \{Duke, Miles\}\\
%		\extension{B}	& \{Duke\}
%	\end{partialmodel}
\newenvironment{partialmodel}{\par\begin{tabular}{r@{~=~}l}}{\bottomrule \end{tabular}\par}
% define the bullet for {itemize} lists

 \renewcommand{\labelitemi}{{\textcolor{orange}›}}%{$▸$}{\textbullet} 

% \factoidbox{...} produces an inset paragraph of text with a line around it
% Neither for lists nor an environment, but it really didn't
% belong anywhere else.
\setlength{\fboxsep}{0.8em}
\newcommand{\factoidbox}[1]{\begin{quote}\fcolorbox{orange}{liigray}{\parbox{\linewidth-1.8em}{#1}}\end{quote}}

\newcommand{\keyideas}[1]{\factoidbox{\textcolor{orange}{\textbf{Key Ideas in §\thechapter}} \begin{itemize}
#1 \end{itemize}}}

% \tablefbox{...} is used in certain tables to put a box around the contents of specific table cells without having lines that run the whole length of the table
\newcommand{\tablefbox}[1]{\multicolumn{1}{|p{10em}|}{#1}}



%    ****************************************
%    *          PRACTICE PROBLEMS           *
%    ****************************************
\newcounter{ProbPart}
\renewcommand{\theProbPart}{\Alph{ProbPart}}
% This inserts a heading and resets the counter:
\newcommand*{\practiceproblems}{
	\setcounter{ProbPart}{0}\section*{Practice exercises}%
	\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Practice exercises}
}
% This starts a new section which is automatically numbered:
\newcommand*{\problempart}{\par\noindent\refstepcounter{ProbPart}\textbf{\Alph{ProbPart}. }}
% This bullet is used to indicate that solutions appear at the end of
% the book.
\newcommand*{\solutions}{} %TB: removed, since I am not including the solutions in the book
% When solutions are only given for selected problems, the
% star is placed left of the problem number.
\newcommand*{\leftsolutions}{\hspace{-2.2em}\makebox[2em][l]{\solutions}}

% This is used at the beginning of a section in the solutions
% appendix.
\newcommand*{\solutionsection}[2]{%
	\textbf{\textsc{Chapter {\ref{#1}} Part {\ref{#2}}}}%
	\markright{solutions for ch.~\ref{#1}}%
	\setcounter{countSeq}{0}
}

% This is used to enumerate things that have a given property.
% For example: \nextSeq\nextSeq\noSeq\lastSeq are valid.
% produces   : 1, 2, and 4 are valid.
\newcounter{countSeq}
\newcommand*{\nextSeq}{\stepcounter{countSeq}\arabic{countSeq}, }
\newcommand*{\noSeq}{\stepcounter{countSeq}}
\newcommand*{\lastSeq}{and \stepcounter{countSeq}\arabic{countSeq} }

% This is used to place (eg) a partial model or proof as an item
% in a list. Without it, the item tag will be vertically centered next
% to the model or proof.
%		 –  doesn't actually work yet –-
\newenvironment{solutioninlist}{}{}%{~\vspace{-1.6em}}{}


%    ****************************************
%    *         TABLE OF CONTENTS, ETC.      *
%    ****************************************
\renewcommand{\preindexhook}{\label{app.index}}
\renewcommand{\thechapter}{\arabic{chapter}}
\renewcommand{\thesection}{\arabic{chapter}.\arabic{section}}
\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth%
{\forallx}%
{\textrm{ch.~\thechapter\ \lowercase{#1}}}%
}
\renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{}

\renewenvironment{theindex}{%
  \clearforchapter
  \if@twocolumn
    \@restonecolfalse
  \else
    \@restonecoltrue
  \fi
  \ifonecolindex
    \onecolumn
    \chapter{\indexname}
    \preindexhook
  \else
    \setlength{\columnseprule}{\indexrule}%
    \setlength{\columnsep}{\indexcolsep}%
    \twocolumn
    \chapter{\indexname}
    \preindexhook
  \fi
  \indexmark
  \thispagestyle{indextitlepagestyle}\parindent\z@
  \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
  \let\item\@idxitem}%
  {\if@restonecol\onecolumn\else\twocolumn\fi}

%    ****************************************
%    *             TRUTH TABLES             *
%    ****************************************

% This facilitates the typesetting of truth tables by
% effectively eliminating the intercolumn space.
% This allows truth tables with the Ts and Fs immediately
% below arbitrary connectives.
% An example follows:
%\begin{center}
%\begin{tabular}{c|c|@{\TTon}*{5}{c}@{\TToff}}
%$A$&$B$&$(A$&\eand&$B)$&\eif&A\\
%\midrule
% T & T &    &  T  &    &  T & \\
% T & F &    &  F  &    &  T & \\
% F & T &    &  F  &    &  T & \\
% F & F &    &  T  &    &  T &
%\bottomrule \end{tabular}
%\end{center}
%\newcommand*{\TTon}{\hspace{1.5em}\extracolsep{-1em}}
%\newcommand*{\TToff}{\extracolsep{-1em}\hspace{.3em}}
% 
% Moving to Memoir breaks Magnus's elegant macro
  % In the preceding column definition, I would offer instead:
  %\begin{tabular}{c c | d e e e f}
  % d for left-most columns, e for middle ones, f for right-most ones. The ensuing spacing is ok.
\newcolumntype{d}{ c@{\extracolsep{0.1em}}}
\newcolumntype{e}{@{\extracolsep{0.1em}}c@{\extracolsep{0.1em}}}
\newcolumntype{f}{@{\extracolsep{0.1em}}c }
\newcommand*{\TTbf}[1]{\textbf{ #1}}

%    ****************************************
%    *                PROOFS                *
%    ****************************************

\usepackage{fitch}
  \def\bi{\by{{\eiff}I}}%
  \def\be{\by{{\eiff}E}}%
  \def\ci{\by{{\eif}I}}%
  \def\ce{\by{{\eif}E}}%
  \def\Ai{\by{$\forall$I}}%
  \def\Ae{\by{$\forall$E}}%
  \def\Ei{\by{$\exists$I}}%
  \def\Ee{\by{$\exists$E}}%
  \def\ae{\by{{\eand}E}}%
  \def\ai{\by{{\eand}I}}%
  \def\oi{\by{{\eor}I}}%
  \def\oe{\by{{\eor}E}}%
  \def\nintro{\by{{\enot}I}}%
  \def\nelim{\by{{\enot}E}}%
  \def\ri{\by{{\ered}I}}% TB: reductio introduction
  \def\re{\by{{\ered}E}}% TB: reductio elimination
  \def\idi{\by{$=$I}}%
  \def\ide{\by{$=$E}}%
  \def\tnd{\by{TND}}% TB: tertium non datur
  \def\dne{\by{{\enot\enot}E}}% TB: double negation elimination (Æ not derived rule)
  \def\mt{\by{MT}}% TB: modus tollens (derived rule)
  \def\ds{\by{DS}}% TB: disjunctive syllogism (a derived rule in Cambridge version)
  \def\dem{\by{DeM}}% TB: De Morgan rule (derived rule)
  \def\cq{\by{CQ}}% TB: conversion of quantifiers (derived rule)
\newenvironment{proof} % command for setting the proofs nicely
  {\begin{list}{}{}\item$\begin{nd}}
  {\end{nd}$\end{list}}




%    ****************************************
%    *            STYLE OF THE BOOK           *
%    ****************************************
% TB: I moved from book to memoir and then radically changed the structuring. From the point of view of LaTeX, the book consists of 7 parts, containing roughly 5 chapters each. From the point of view of the user, the book consists of 7 chapters, containing roughly 5 sections each. This means a fair bit of internal redefinition of LaTeX code.

% Memoir page setup

% \setulmarginsandblock{30pt}{*}{1.5}

\midsloppy
\sloppybottom
\semiisopage[10]
 \setheaderspaces{*}{2\onelineskip}{*}
\checkandfixthelayout

\makeatletter
	\renewcommand{\@chapapp}{ } % TB: to prevent "chapter" appearing all over the place
\g@addto@macro\@floatboxreset\centering % to ensure figures are centered
\makeatother
\renewcommand\cftchapterfont{\normalfont} %TB: to make the sections (which LaTeX regards as chapters) small in the ToC
\renewcommand\cftchapterpagefont{\normalfont} %TB: to make the sections (which LaTeX regards as chapters) small in the ToC
\renewcommand\cftbeforechapterskip{0pt} %TB: to leave no gap between sections (which LaTeX regards as chapters) in the TOC
\renewcommand{\partname}{Chapter} %TB: to make the chapters (which LaTeX regards as parts) labelled "chapter"
\setlength{\headwidth}{\textwidth}
\renewcommand*{\partnamefont}{\normalfont\huge\bfseries\color{orange}}%
\renewcommand*{\partnumfont}{\normalfont\huge\bfseries\color{orange}}%
\renewcommand*{\parttitlefont}{\normalfont\HUGE\itshape\bfseries\color{orange}}
\renewcommand*{\printparttitle}[1]{{\color{orange} \par\hspace{1.5cm}\hrule\vskip\midchapskip\parttitlefont #1\par\hspace{1.5cm}\hrule}}
\aliaspagestyle{part}{empty}

\makepagestyle{forallxpage} %TB: design new page style
%\makeheadrule {forallxpage}{\textwidth}{\normalrulethickness} %TB: put rule beneath page header % Æ removed rule
\makeevenhead {forallxpage}{\small \thepage}{\small\scshape\leftmark}{}  %TB: page header consists of section name and page
\makeoddhead {forallxpage}{}{\small\scshape\rightmark}{\small\thepage} 
\makeatletter
\makepsmarks{forallxpage}{
	\nouppercaseheads
\createmark {part} {left} {nonumber}{}{}
	\createmark {chapter} {right} {shownumber}{§}{. \ } 
} % Æ modified
\makeatother

\setcounter{tocdepth}{0} %TB: only chapters and sections to appear
\renewcommand{\thepart}{\arabic{part}}  % TB: chapters (which LaTeX regards as parts) to be numbered
\renewcommand{\thechapter}{\arabic{chapter}} %TB: sections (which LaTeX regards as chapters) to be numbered
\renewcommand{\thesection}{\arabic{chapter}.\arabic{section}} %TB: subsections (which LaTeX regards as sections) to be n.m
\definecolor{liigray}{gray}{0.95} % Æ: used to color background factoidbox in  gray
\definecolor{orange}{HTML}{CC6633} % Æ: used to color links in orange
\newcommand\myanswer[1]{\textcolor{blue}{#1}} % TB: puts model answers in blue

\chapterstyle{madsen} % Æ choice
\renewcommand{\chapnumfont}{\normalfont\dispfont\color{orange}}
\renewcommand*{\printchapternum}{%
    \makebox[0pt][l]{\hspace{0.4em}\chapnumfont\thechapter}}
 \renewcommand{\chapnamefont}{\normalfont\Huge\bfseries\color{orange}} 
 \renewcommand{\chaptitlefont}{\normalfont\Huge\bfseries\color{orange}} 
\setlength{\columnsep}{2em} % Sets 2em space between columns when calling multicol 




% TB: information originally in the main body; but it is style information, so I have included it here. Modified Æ
\hypersetup{pdfinfo={Title={forall x: Adelaide}, Author={Antony Eagle, Tim Button, and P.D. Magnus}, Subject={An open access introductory textbook in formal logic}, Keywords={truth-functional logic, propositional logic, predicate logic, first-order logic, natural deduction, Fitch, philosophical logic}}, %
%	bookmarks={true}, %
	colorlinks={true}, %
	linkcolor={orange},
  urlcolor={orange},
	pdfdisplaydoctitle={true},
  unicode={true},
  pdfencoding={auto},
  pdfborder={0 0 0},
  plainpages={false}}
\urlstyle{tt}

% simulate parskip Æ
\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
\nonzeroparskip



%    ****************************************
%    *            DIAGRAMS IN TIKZ           *
%    ****************************************
% TB: I use diagrams in a few places, always using Tikz.
%   A. To illustrate an argument for the truth table of the material conditional
%   B. To draw graphs illustrating small finite interpretations. 
% All these drawings are done using tikz
% AE: added a few more diagrams … Euler diagrams and directed graphs and syntactic trees
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,positioning,shapes,matrix,calc,patterns}
\usepackage{tikz-qtree}

\tikzset{phantom_shape/.style={thick, fill=black!0, minimum width=30pt, minimum height=30pt}, % TB: renders the shape invisible
		grey_shape/.style={thick, fill=black!20, draw, minimum width=30pt, minimum height=30pt}, % TB: renders a light grey shape with a black outline
		white_shape/.style={thick, fill=black!0, draw, minimum width=30pt, minimum height=30pt} % TB: renders a white shape with a black outline
		}