protocol: remove `panic::catch_unwind` for PoS VP #6115

Job	Run time
build-wasm (ubuntu-latest, v2, 2.3.2)	4m 51s
namada-release (ubuntu-latest, 2.3.2, ABCI Release build)	9m 45s
test-wasm (ubuntu-latest, v2, nightly-2023-06-01, 2.3.2)	8m 46s
unit-and-integration-tests (ubuntu-latest, nightly-2023-06-01, 2.3.2, ABCI)	19m 57s
upload-wasm (ubuntu-latest, v2, nightly-2023-06-01, 2.3.2)	18s
run-benchmarks (ubuntu-latest, nightly-2023-06-01, 2.3.2, ABCI)	32m 38s
namada-e2e (ubuntu-latest, nightly-2023-06-01, 2.3.2, 0.37.2, 1.6.0-namada-beta1, 0)	10m 54s
namada-e2e (ubuntu-latest, nightly-2023-06-01, 2.3.2, 0.37.2, 1.6.0-namada-beta1, 1)	12m 45s
namada-e2e (ubuntu-latest, nightly-2023-06-01, 2.3.2, 0.37.2, 1.6.0-namada-beta1, 2)	8m 23s
namada-e2e (ubuntu-latest, nightly-2023-06-01, 2.3.2, 0.37.2, 1.6.0-namada-beta1, 3)	11m 6s
	1h 59m 23s

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