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qemu
Animesh Trivedi edited this page Aug 9, 2024
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on Ubuntu: To-be-filled:
git clone https://github.com/qemu/qemu.git
cd qemu
git checkout v9.0.2
mkidr build
cd build
sudo apt-get install ninja-build libglib2.0-dev libaio-dev meson libpixman-1-dev
patch the meson.build file: https://github.com/animeshtrivedi/notes/wiki/qemu#compiling-qemu-oct-2023 and install libslirp 4.7 version
../configure --target-list=x86_64-softmmu --enable-kvm --enable-linux-aio --enable-trace-backends=log --disable-werror --disable-gtk --prefix=/home/$USER/local/ --enable-slirp --enable-docs --enable-vnc --enable-linux-io-uring
Running command:
qemu-img create -f qcow2 nvmessd-1G.qcow2 1G
sudo env "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH" /home/animesh.trivedi/local/bin//qemu-system-x86_64 #-name dev -m 8G --enable-kvm -cpu host -smp 8 -hda ./ubuntu-2404.qcow2 -net user,hostfwd=tcp::7777-:22 -net nic -drive file=./nvmessd-1G.qcow2,id=nvme-device,format=raw,if=none -device nvme,drive=nvme-device,serial=nvme-dev,physical_block_size=4096,logical_block_size=4096
How to Extend the Default Ubuntu LVM Partition
atr@u24clean:~$ sudo vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name ubuntu-vg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 2
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <48.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 12287
Alloc PE / Size 6143 / <24.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 6144 / 24.00 GiB
VG UUID me8Qjt-riXz-ssyj-KYDf-9ZWf-kwZL-32q2Dt
atr@u24clean:~$ sudo lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
LV Name ubuntu-lv
VG Name ubuntu-vg
LV UUID mcaiHX-TQcI-1Le8-sQrE-M8mt-UPzO-RybFte
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time ubuntu-server, 2024-07-04 12:43:10 +0200
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <24.00 GiB
Current LE 6143
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
atr@u24clean:~$ sudo lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
Size of logical volume ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv changed from <24.00 GiB (6143 extents) to <48.00 GiB (12287 extents).
Logical volume ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv successfully resized.
atr@u24clean:~$ sudo lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
LV Name ubuntu-lv
VG Name ubuntu-vg
LV UUID mcaiHX-TQcI-1Le8-sQrE-M8mt-UPzO-RybFte
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time ubuntu-server, 2024-07-04 12:43:10 +0200
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <48.00 GiB
Current LE 12287
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
atr@u24clean:~$ sudo vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name ubuntu-vg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <48.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 12287
Alloc PE / Size 12287 / <48.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID me8Qjt-riXz-ssyj-KYDf-9ZWf-kwZL-32q2Dt
atr@u24clean:~$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 743M 932K 742M 1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 24G 23G 53M 100% /
tmpfs 3.7G 0 3.7G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
/dev/sda2 2.0G 186M 1.7G 11% /boot
tmpfs 743M 16K 743M 1% /run/user/1000
atr@u24clean:~$ sudo resize2fs /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
resize2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 3, new_desc_blocks = 6
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv is now 12581888 (4k) blocks long.
atr@u24clean:~$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 743M 932K 742M 1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 48G 23G 23G 50% /
tmpfs 3.7G 0 3.7G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
/dev/sda2 2.0G 186M 1.7G 11% /boot
tmpfs 743M 16K 743M 1% /run/user/1000
atr@u24clean:~$
qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm -boot d -cdrom ./ubuntu-18.04.6-desktop-amd64.iso -m 4G
Download https://ubuntu.com/download/server
Create a base image (change the number and size):
qemu-img create -f qcow2 ubuntu-2004.qcow2 50G
start installation with userlevel networking :
qemu-system-x86_64 \
-hda ubuntu-2004.qcow2 \
--enable-kvm -m 4G -smp 2 \
-boot d -cdrom ubuntu-20.04-live-server-amd64.iso \
-net user,hostfwd=tcp::7777-:22 -net nic -cpu host
For installation, you have to use the graphics VNC setup.
Start the new VM machine:
qemu-system-x86_64 \
-name qemuzns -m 4G --enable-kvm -cpu host -smp 4 \
-hda ubuntu-2004.qcow2 \
-net user,hostfwd=tcp::7777-:22 -net nic
on the host machine after installation:
ssh -X user@localhost -p 7777
For authentication issues:
$ ssh -X user@localhost -p 7777
Received disconnect from 127.0.0.1 port 7777:2: Too many authentication failures
Disconnected from 127.0.0.1 port 7777
$ ssh -X user@localhost -o PubkeyAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=password -p 7777
To select a particular ssh key, use -i key flag
CXL setup
On ubuntu 22
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/75641274/network-backend-user-is-not-compiled-into-this-binary
git clone or wget
../configure --target-list=x86_64-softmmu --enable-kvm --enable-linux-aio --enable-trace-backends=log --disable-werror --disable-gtk --prefix=/home/atr/local/ --enable-slirp
need to explicitly enable slirp (that is removed in version 7)
Then you run into the compilation issue like this https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu/-/issues/1853:
54 | return ioctl(uffd_dev, USERFAULTFD_IOC_NEW, flags);
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | USERFAULTFD_H
../util/userfaultfd.c:54:32: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in
Solution: this meson.build file fix (in the top level directory),
diff --git a/meson.build b/meson.build
index 925a7a15f05..bc6c4cc39eb 100644
--- a/meson.build
+++ b/meson.build
@@ -499,8 +499,8 @@ if 'objc' in all_languages
add_project_arguments(objc.get_supported_arguments(warn_flags), native: false, language: 'objc')
endif
if targetos == 'linux'
- add_project_arguments('-isystem', meson.current_source_dir() / 'linux-headers',
- '-isystem', 'linux-headers',
+ add_project_arguments('-isystem' + meson.current_source_dir() / 'linux-headers',
+ '-isystem' + 'linux-headers',
language: all_languages)
endifInstall libslirp 4.7 by hand because this specific version is asked:
animesh.trivedi@flex19:~$ sudo /home/animesh.trivedi/local/bin//qemu-system-x86_64
/home/animesh.trivedi/local/bin//qemu-system-x86_64: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libslirp.so.0: version `SLIRP_4.7' not found (required by /home/animesh.trivedi/local/bin//qemu-system-x86_64)
git clone https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/slirp/libslirp/
cd libslirp
git checkout v4.7.0
meson build --prefix=/home/$USER/local/
ninja -C build install
-
start the VM on node2
-
Setup the tunnel
ssh -L 127.0.0.1:6666:node2:7777 node2
- Do login for now without password, we can set it up to copy id
ssh -o PubkeyAuthentication=no -o PreferredAuthentications=password user@localhost -p 6666 -v
# kernel essentials,
sudo apt-get install git build-essential kernel-package fakeroot libncurses5-dev libssl-dev ccache bison flex libelf-dev dwarves
# while compiling qemu
sudo apt install ninja-build libglib2.0-dev libaio-dev meson libpixman-1-dev - ERROR: glib-2.48 gthread-2.0 is required to compile QEMU #40 https://github.com/Xilinx/qemu/issues/40
- https://wiki.ubuntu.com/KernelTeam/GitKernelBuild
-drive file=/dev/sdX#,cache=none,if=virtio - Set a virtual VirtIO-BLK hard drive and use the specified partition for it.
atr@node3$ ls -l /sys/block/nvme1n1/device/device
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 May 25 14:19 /sys/block/nvme1n1/device/device -> ../../../0000:00:05.0
root@node3# echo "0000:00:05.0" > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/nvme/unbind
root@node3# modprobe vfio-pci
root@node3# lspci -n -s 0000:00:05.0
b0:00.0 0108: 8086:2700
# attach to vfio driver
root@node3# echo 8086 2700 > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/vfio-pci/new_id
# build a local QEMU setup ( i compile and run a 6.0 version locally)
$ sudo qemu-system-x86_64 -name qemuzns -m 64G --enable-kvm -cpu host -smp 8 \
-hda /home/atr/xfs/images/ubuntu-20.04-zns.qcow \
-net user,hostfwd=tcp::7777-:22,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:2000 -net nic \
-device vfio-pci,host=0000:00:05.0 (use the pci address)qemu-img info <filename>https://www.randomhacks.co.uk/how-to-resize-a-qcow2-harddrive-images/
https://maunium.net/blog/resizing-qcow2-images/
qemu-img resize image.qcow2 +SIZE
wget https://gparted.org/download.php
#Then as an example boot:
sudo /home/atr/src/qemu-6.1.0//build/qemu-system-x86_64 -name qemuzns -m 32G --enable-kvm -cpu host -smp 16 -hda /home/atr/src/zns-resources/stosys-class/bin/gparted-live-1.3.1-1-amd64.iso -hdb /home/atr/xfs/images/ubuntu-20.04-stosys-v5.12.qcow -net user,hostfwd=tcp::7777-:22,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:2000 -net nic
WARNING: Image format was not specified for './gparted-live-1.3.1-1-amd64.iso' and probing guessed raw.
Automatically detecting the format is dangerous for raw images, write operations on block 0 will be restricted.
Specify the 'raw' format explicitly to remove the restrictions.
VNC server running on 127.0.0.1:5900
start QEMU forwarding (as shown below and then resize the partition)
atr@node3:/home/atr/src/qemu-6.0.0$ ./build/qemu-system-x86_64
Unable to init server: Could not connect: Connection refused
gtk initialization failed
atr@node3:/home/atr/src/qemu-6.0.0$ not sure why it started to build with gtk but you can disable
atr@node3:/home/atr/src/qemu-6.0.0$ ../configure --target-list=x86_64-softmmu --enable-kvm --enable-linux-aio --enable-trace-backends=log --disable-werror --disable-gtk
./configure --target-list=x86_64-softmmu --enable-kvm --enable-linux-aio--enable-virtfs --enable-trace-backends=log --disable-werror
or
../configure --target-list=x86_64-softmmu --enable-kvm --enable-linux-aio --enable-trace-backends=log --disable-werror See here: https://github.com/animeshtrivedi/qemu-xzns/blob/xzns-qemu-6.0.0/atr-notes.txt
Arch wiki QEMU: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/QEMU
In this example, I have VM running on node3 for which I can do an ssh access.
ssh -L 127.0.0.1:6000:127.0.0.1:5900 atr@node3What is happening: The "127.0.0.1:5900" (private network) traffic will be looped from node3 (from which I have access to this private network), on my local desktop machine at "127.0.0.1:6000" port. Then open Reminna and connect to the VNC traffic at the local port 6000
Example:
Let’s say you have a MySQL database server running on machine db001.host (Eqv of 127.0.0.1:5900) on an internal (private) network, on port 3306, which is accessible from the machine pub001.host (my node3), and you want to connect using your local machine MySQL client (my desktop) to the database server. To do so, you can forward the connection using the following command:
ssh -L 3336:db001.host:3306 user@pub001.host
See this: https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-setup-ssh-tunneling/
qemu: could not load PC BIOS 'bios-256k.bin'
something like this means that the build was messed up. Follow the readme
mkdir build
cd build
../configure
make
qemu-img convert -c -O qcow2 ubuntu-20.04-stosys-fresh-installed.qcow shrunk.qcow2
qemu-img convert -c -O qcow2 -m 16 ubuntu-20.04-stosys-v5.12.qcow shrunk.qcow2
atr@node3:/mnt/xfs/images$ ls -l
total 93491472
-rw-rw-r-- 1 atr atr 1043 Oct 24 10:57 atr-notes.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 atr atr 8388608 Oct 25 10:08 nvmessd.img
-rw-r--r-- 1 atr atr 5733810176 Oct 24 10:53 RO-ubuntu-20.04-stosys-fresh-installed.qcow
-rw-r--r-- 1 atr atr 6690701312 Oct 25 09:47 RO-ubuntu-20.04-stosys-v5.12-50G.qcow
-rw-r--r-- 1 atr atr 2737045504 Oct 26 16:36 shrunk.qcow2
-rw-r--r-- 1 atr atr 6694502400 Oct 26 16:24 ubuntu-20.04-stosys-v5.12.qcow
https://wiki.liutyi.info/display/DEVOPS/compress+qcow2+images
https://linux.die.net/man/1/qemu-img
atr@node3:/home/atr/local/bin$ sudo /home/atr/src/qemu-6.0.0/build/qemu-system-x86_64 --help
QEMU emulator version 6.0.0
Copyright (c) 2003-2021 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-x86_64 [options] [disk_image]
'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0
Standard options:
-h or -help display this help and exit
-version display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
memory-encryption=@var{} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
-cpu cpu select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [cpus=]n[,maxcpus=cpus][,cores=cores][,threads=threads][,dies=dies][,sockets=sockets]
set the number of CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
maxcpus= maximum number of total cpus, including
offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
cores= number of CPU cores on one socket (for PC, it's on one die)
threads= number of threads on one CPU core
dies= number of CPU dies on one socket (for PC only)
sockets= number of discrete sockets in the system
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
[,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
configure guest RAM
size: initial amount of guest memory
slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
specifies the audio backend to use
id= identifier of the backend
timer-period= timer period in microseconds
in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
in|out.voices= number of voices to use
in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
path= path of wav file to record
-soundhw c1,... enable audio support
and only specified sound cards (comma separated list)
use '-soundhw help' to get the list of supported cards
use '-soundhw all' to enable all of them
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
add device (based on driver)
prop=value,... sets driver properties
use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
set the name of the guest
string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
specify machine UUID
Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
[,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
[,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
[,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
[,driver specific parameters...]
configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
[,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
[,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
[,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
[,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
[,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
[,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
[[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
[[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
[[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
[[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
[[,iops_size=is]]
[[,group=g]]
use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-pflash file use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-snapshot write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
[[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
[[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
[[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
[[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
[[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
[,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
[,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
[,timeout=timeout]
iSCSI session parameters
USB convenience options:
-usb enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'
Display options:
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display none
select display backend type
The default display is equivalent to
"-vnc localhost:0,to=99,id=default"
-nographic disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-curses shorthand for -display curses
-alt-grab use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)
-ctrl-grab use Right-Ctrl to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)
-no-quit disable SDL window close capability
-sdl shorthand for -display sdl
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
[,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
[,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
[,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
[,tls-ciphers=<list>]
[,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
[,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
[,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
[,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
[,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
[,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
[,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
[,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
[,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
[,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
[,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
enable spice
at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg> rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
select video card type
-full-screen start in full screen
-vnc <display> shorthand for -display vnc=<display>
i386 target only:
-win2k-hack use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug
-no-fd-bootchk disable boot signature checking for floppy disks
-no-acpi disable ACPI
-no-hpet disable HPET
-acpitable [sig=str][,rev=n][,oem_id=str][,oem_table_id=str][,oem_rev=n][,asl_compiler_id=str][,asl_compiler_rev=n][,{data|file}=file1[:file2]...]
ACPI table description
-smbios file=binary
load SMBIOS entry from binary file
-smbios type=0[,vendor=str][,version=str][,date=str][,release=%d.%d]
[,uefi=on|off]
specify SMBIOS type 0 fields
-smbios type=1[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
[,uuid=uuid][,sku=str][,family=str]
specify SMBIOS type 1 fields
-smbios type=2[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
[,asset=str][,location=str]
specify SMBIOS type 2 fields
-smbios type=3[,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str][,asset=str]
[,sku=str]
specify SMBIOS type 3 fields
-smbios type=4[,sock_pfx=str][,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
[,asset=str][,part=str][,max-speed=%d][,current-speed=%d]
specify SMBIOS type 4 fields
-smbios type=11[,value=str][,path=filename]
specify SMBIOS type 11 fields
-smbios type=17[,loc_pfx=str][,bank=str][,manufacturer=str][,serial=str]
[,asset=str][,part=str][,speed=%d]
specify SMBIOS type 17 fields
Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
[,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
[,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
[,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
[,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
[,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
[,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
[,poll-us=n]
configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
connected to a bridge (default=br0)
use network scripts 'file' (default=/usr/local/etc/qemu-ifup)
to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/usr/local/etc/qemu-ifdown)
to deconfigure it
use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/local/libexec/qemu-bridge-helper) to
configure it
use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
(only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
connected to a bridge (default=br0)
using the program 'helper (default=/usr/local/libexec/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
[,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
[,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
[,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
use 'src=' to specify source address
use 'dst=' to specify destination address
use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
well as a weak security measure
use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
configure a network backend to connect to another network
using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
configure a network backend to connect to another network
using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str,vhostdev=/path/to/dev
configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|socket][,option][,option][,...]
old way to initialize a host network interface
(use the -netdev option if possible instead)
Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
[,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
[,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
[,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
configure the TPM device using chardev backend
Linux/Multiboot boot specific:
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb file use 'file' as device tree image
Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file write PID to 'file'
-singlestep always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
run qemu with overcommit hints
mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
if you want it to not start execution.)
-s shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,... enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,.. filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-bios file set the filename for the BIOS
-enable-kvm enable KVM full virtualization support
-xen-domid id specify xen guest domain id
-xen-attach attach to existing xen domain
libxl will use this when starting QEMU
-xen-domid-restrict restrict set of available xen operations
to specified domain id. (Does not affect
xenpv machine type).
-no-reboot exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|none
action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
record-and-replay mode
-watchdog model
enable virtual hardware watchdog [default=none]
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
prepare for incoming migration, listen on
specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
or from given external command
-incoming defer
wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults don't create default devices
-chroot dir chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user change to user id user just before starting the VM
user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
[,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
C library implementations.
use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
blocking *fork and execve
use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
-writeconfig <file>
read/write config file (deprecated)
-no-user-config
do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,arg=<string>]
load a plugin
-enable-fips enable FIPS 140-2 compliance
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
control error message format
timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
-name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
check for possible regressions in migration code
by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
enable synchronization profiling
Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
in the order they are specified. Note that the 'id'
property must be set. These objects are placed in the
'/objects' path.
During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt toggle mouse and keyboard grab
When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.
See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>
atr@node3:/home/atr/local/bin$ sudo /home/atr/src/qemu-6.0.0/build/qemu-system-x86_64 -device help
Controller/Bridge/Hub devices:
name "i82801b11-bridge", bus PCI
name "igd-passthrough-isa-bridge", bus PCI, desc "ISA bridge faked to support IGD PT"
name "ioh3420", bus PCI, desc "Intel IOH device id 3420 PCIE Root Port"
name "pci-bridge", bus PCI, desc "Standard PCI Bridge"
name "pci-bridge-seat", bus PCI, desc "Standard PCI Bridge (multiseat)"
name "pcie-pci-bridge", bus PCI
name "pcie-root-port", bus PCI, desc "PCI Express Root Port"
name "pxb", bus PCI, desc "PCI Expander Bridge"
name "pxb-pcie", bus PCI, desc "PCI Express Expander Bridge"
name "usb-hub", bus usb-bus
name "vfio-pci-igd-lpc-bridge", bus PCI, desc "VFIO dummy ISA/LPC bridge for IGD assignment"
name "vmbus-bridge", bus System
name "x3130-upstream", bus PCI, desc "TI X3130 Upstream Port of PCI Express Switch"
name "xio3130-downstream", bus PCI, desc "TI X3130 Downstream Port of PCI Express Switch"
USB devices:
name "ich9-usb-ehci1", bus PCI
name "ich9-usb-ehci2", bus PCI
name "ich9-usb-uhci1", bus PCI
name "ich9-usb-uhci2", bus PCI
name "ich9-usb-uhci3", bus PCI
name "ich9-usb-uhci4", bus PCI
name "ich9-usb-uhci5", bus PCI
name "ich9-usb-uhci6", bus PCI
name "nec-usb-xhci", bus PCI
name "pci-ohci", bus PCI, desc "Apple USB Controller"
name "piix3-usb-uhci", bus PCI
name "piix4-usb-uhci", bus PCI
name "qemu-xhci", bus PCI
name "usb-ehci", bus PCI
Storage devices:
name "am53c974", bus PCI, desc "AMD Am53c974 PCscsi-PCI SCSI adapter"
name "dc390", bus PCI, desc "Tekram DC-390 SCSI adapter"
name "floppy", bus floppy-bus, desc "virtual floppy drive"
name "ich9-ahci", bus PCI, alias "ahci"
name "ide-cd", bus IDE, desc "virtual IDE CD-ROM"
name "ide-hd", bus IDE, desc "virtual IDE disk"
name "isa-fdc", bus ISA
name "isa-ide", bus ISA
name "lsi53c810", bus PCI
name "lsi53c895a", bus PCI, alias "lsi"
name "megasas", bus PCI, desc "LSI MegaRAID SAS 1078"
name "megasas-gen2", bus PCI, desc "LSI MegaRAID SAS 2108"
name "mptsas1068", bus PCI, desc "LSI SAS 1068"
name "nvdimm", desc "DIMM memory module"
name "nvme", bus PCI, desc "Non-Volatile Memory Express"
name "nvme-ns", bus nvme-bus, desc "Virtual NVMe namespace"
name "nvme-subsys", desc "Virtual NVMe subsystem"
name "piix3-ide", bus PCI
name "piix3-ide-xen", bus PCI
name "piix4-ide", bus PCI
name "pvscsi", bus PCI
name "scsi-block", bus SCSI, desc "SCSI block device passthrough"
name "scsi-cd", bus SCSI, desc "virtual SCSI CD-ROM"
name "scsi-generic", bus SCSI, desc "pass through generic scsi device (/dev/sg*)"
name "scsi-hd", bus SCSI, desc "virtual SCSI disk"
name "sd-card", bus sd-bus
name "sdhci-pci", bus PCI
name "usb-bot", bus usb-bus
name "usb-mtp", bus usb-bus, desc "USB Media Transfer Protocol device"
name "usb-storage", bus usb-bus
name "usb-uas", bus usb-bus
name "vhost-scsi", bus virtio-bus
name "vhost-scsi-pci", bus PCI
name "vhost-scsi-pci-non-transitional", bus PCI
name "vhost-scsi-pci-transitional", bus PCI
name "vhost-user-blk", bus virtio-bus
name "vhost-user-blk-pci", bus PCI
name "vhost-user-blk-pci-non-transitional", bus PCI
name "vhost-user-blk-pci-transitional", bus PCI
name "vhost-user-fs-device", bus virtio-bus
name "vhost-user-fs-pci", bus PCI
name "vhost-user-scsi", bus virtio-bus
name "vhost-user-scsi-pci", bus PCI
name "vhost-user-scsi-pci-non-transitional", bus PCI
name "vhost-user-scsi-pci-transitional", bus PCI
name "virtio-blk-device", bus virtio-bus
name "virtio-blk-pci", bus PCI, alias "virtio-blk"
name "virtio-blk-pci-non-transitional", bus PCI
name "virtio-blk-pci-transitional", bus PCI
name "virtio-pmem", bus virtio-bus
name "virtio-scsi-device", bus virtio-bus
name "virtio-scsi-pci", bus PCI, alias "virtio-scsi"
name "virtio-scsi-pci-non-transitional", bus PCI
name "virtio-scsi-pci-transitional", bus PCI
Network devices:
name "e1000", bus PCI, alias "e1000-82540em", desc "Intel Gigabit Ethernet"
name "e1000-82544gc", bus PCI, desc "Intel Gigabit Ethernet"
name "e1000-82545em", bus PCI, desc "Intel Gigabit Ethernet"
name "e1000e", bus PCI, desc "Intel 82574L GbE Controller"
name "i82550", bus PCI, desc "Intel i82550 Ethernet"
name "i82551", bus PCI, desc "Intel i82551 Ethernet"
name "i82557a", bus PCI, desc "Intel i82557A Ethernet"
name "i82557b", bus PCI, desc "Intel i82557B Ethernet"
name "i82557c", bus PCI, desc "Intel i82557C Ethernet"
name "i82558a", bus PCI, desc "Intel i82558A Ethernet"
name "i82558b", bus PCI, desc "Intel i82558B Ethernet"
name "i82559a", bus PCI, desc "Intel i82559A Ethernet"
name "i82559b", bus PCI, desc "Intel i82559B Ethernet"
name "i82559c", bus PCI, desc "Intel i82559C Ethernet"
name "i82559er", bus PCI, desc "Intel i82559ER Ethernet"
name "i82562", bus PCI, desc "Intel i82562 Ethernet"
name "i82801", bus PCI, desc "Intel i82801 Ethernet"
name "ne2k_isa", bus ISA
name "ne2k_pci", bus PCI
name "pcnet", bus PCI
name "pvrdma", bus PCI, desc "RDMA Device"
name "rocker", bus PCI, desc "Rocker Switch"
name "rtl8139", bus PCI
name "tulip", bus PCI
name "usb-net", bus usb-bus
name "virtio-net-device", bus virtio-bus
name "virtio-net-pci", bus PCI, alias "virtio-net"
name "virtio-net-pci-non-transitional", bus PCI
name "virtio-net-pci-transitional", bus PCI
name "vmxnet3", bus PCI, desc "VMWare Paravirtualized Ethernet v3"
Input devices:
name "i8042", bus ISA
name "ipoctal232", bus IndustryPack, desc "GE IP-Octal 232 8-channel RS-232 IndustryPack"
name "isa-parallel", bus ISA
name "isa-serial", bus ISA
name "pci-serial", bus PCI
name "pci-serial-2x", bus PCI
name "pci-serial-4x", bus PCI
name "tpci200", bus PCI, desc "TEWS TPCI200 IndustryPack carrier"
name "usb-braille", bus usb-bus
name "usb-ccid", bus usb-bus, desc "CCID Rev 1.1 smartcard reader"
name "usb-kbd", bus usb-bus
name "usb-mouse", bus usb-bus
name "usb-serial", bus usb-bus
name "usb-tablet", bus usb-bus
name "usb-wacom-tablet", bus usb-bus, desc "QEMU PenPartner Tablet"
name "vhost-user-input", bus virtio-bus
name "vhost-user-input-pci", bus PCI
name "virtconsole", bus virtio-serial-bus
name "virtio-input-host-device", bus virtio-bus
name "virtio-input-host-pci", bus PCI, alias "virtio-input-host"
name "virtio-keyboard-device", bus virtio-bus
name "virtio-keyboard-pci", bus PCI, alias "virtio-keyboard"
name "virtio-mouse-device", bus virtio-bus
name "virtio-mouse-pci", bus PCI, alias "virtio-mouse"
name "virtio-serial-device", bus virtio-bus
name "virtio-serial-pci", bus PCI, alias "virtio-serial"
name "virtio-serial-pci-non-transitional", bus PCI
name "virtio-serial-pci-transitional", bus PCI
name "virtio-tablet-device", bus virtio-bus
name "virtio-tablet-pci", bus PCI, alias "virtio-tablet"
name "virtserialport", bus virtio-serial-bus
name "vmmouse", bus ISA
Display devices:
name "ati-vga", bus PCI
name "bochs-display", bus PCI
name "cirrus-vga", bus PCI, desc "Cirrus CLGD 54xx VGA"
name "isa-cirrus-vga", bus ISA
name "isa-vga", bus ISA
name "ramfb", bus System, desc "ram framebuffer standalone device"
name "secondary-vga", bus PCI
name "sga", bus ISA, desc "Serial Graphics Adapter"
name "VGA", bus PCI
name "vhost-user-gpu", bus virtio-bus
name "vhost-user-gpu-pci", bus PCI
name "vhost-user-vga", bus PCI
name "virtio-gpu-device", bus virtio-bus
name "virtio-gpu-pci", bus PCI, alias "virtio-gpu"
name "virtio-vga", bus PCI
name "vmware-svga", bus PCI
Sound devices:
name "AC97", bus PCI, alias "ac97", desc "Intel 82801AA AC97 Audio"
name "adlib", bus ISA, desc "Yamaha YM3812 (OPL2)"
name "cs4231a", bus ISA, desc "Crystal Semiconductor CS4231A"
name "ES1370", bus PCI, alias "es1370", desc "ENSONIQ AudioPCI ES1370"
name "gus", bus ISA, desc "Gravis Ultrasound GF1"
name "hda-duplex", bus HDA, desc "HDA Audio Codec, duplex (line-out, line-in)"
name "hda-micro", bus HDA, desc "HDA Audio Codec, duplex (speaker, microphone)"
name "hda-output", bus HDA, desc "HDA Audio Codec, output-only (line-out)"
name "ich9-intel-hda", bus PCI, desc "Intel HD Audio Controller (ich9)"
name "intel-hda", bus PCI, desc "Intel HD Audio Controller (ich6)"
name "sb16", bus ISA, desc "Creative Sound Blaster 16"
name "usb-audio", bus usb-bus
Misc devices:
name "amd-iommu", bus System, desc "AMD IOMMU (AMD-Vi) DMA Remapping device"
name "ctucan_pci", bus PCI, desc "CTU CAN PCI"
name "edu", bus PCI
name "guest-loader", desc "Guest Loader"
name "hyperv-testdev", bus ISA
name "i2c-ddc", bus i2c-bus
name "i6300esb", bus PCI
name "ib700", bus ISA
name "intel-iommu", bus System, desc "Intel IOMMU (VT-d) DMA Remapping device"
name "isa-applesmc", bus ISA
name "isa-debug-exit", bus ISA
name "isa-debugcon", bus ISA
name "ivshmem-doorbell", bus PCI, desc "Inter-VM shared memory"
name "ivshmem-plain", bus PCI, desc "Inter-VM shared memory"
name "kvaser_pci", bus PCI, desc "Kvaser PCICANx"
name "loader", desc "Generic Loader"
name "mioe3680_pci", bus PCI, desc "Mioe3680 PCICANx"
name "pc-testdev", bus ISA
name "pci-testdev", bus PCI, desc "PCI Test Device"
name "pcm3680_pci", bus PCI, desc "Pcm3680i PCICANx"
name "pvpanic", bus ISA
name "pvpanic-pci", bus PCI
name "smbus-ipmi", bus i2c-bus
name "tpm-crb"
name "tpm-tis", bus ISA
name "u2f-passthru", bus usb-bus, desc "QEMU U2F passthrough key"
name "vfio-pci", bus PCI, desc "VFIO-based PCI device assignment"
name "vfio-pci-nohotplug", bus PCI, desc "VFIO-based PCI device assignment"
name "vhost-user-vsock-device", bus virtio-bus
name "vhost-user-vsock-pci", bus PCI
name "vhost-user-vsock-pci-non-transitional", bus PCI
name "vhost-vsock-device", bus virtio-bus
name "vhost-vsock-pci", bus PCI
name "vhost-vsock-pci-non-transitional", bus PCI
name "virtio-balloon-device", bus virtio-bus
name "virtio-balloon-pci", bus PCI, alias "virtio-balloon"
name "virtio-balloon-pci-non-transitional", bus PCI
name "virtio-balloon-pci-transitional", bus PCI
name "virtio-crypto-device", bus virtio-bus
name "virtio-crypto-pci", bus PCI
name "virtio-iommu-device", bus virtio-bus
name "virtio-iommu-pci", bus PCI, alias "virtio-iommu"
name "virtio-iommu-pci-non-transitional", bus PCI
name "virtio-mem", bus virtio-bus
name "virtio-mem-pci", bus PCI
name "virtio-pmem-pci", bus PCI
name "virtio-rng-device", bus virtio-bus
name "virtio-rng-pci", bus PCI, alias "virtio-rng"
name "virtio-rng-pci-non-transitional", bus PCI
name "virtio-rng-pci-transitional", bus PCI
name "vmcoreinfo"
name "vmgenid"
CPU devices:
name "486-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "486-x86_64-cpu"
name "athlon-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "athlon-x86_64-cpu"
name "base-x86_64-cpu"
name "Broadwell-IBRS-x86_64-cpu"
name "Broadwell-noTSX-IBRS-x86_64-cpu"
name "Broadwell-noTSX-x86_64-cpu"
name "Broadwell-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "Broadwell-v2-x86_64-cpu"
name "Broadwell-v3-x86_64-cpu"
name "Broadwell-v4-x86_64-cpu"
name "Broadwell-x86_64-cpu"
name "Cascadelake-Server-noTSX-x86_64-cpu"
name "Cascadelake-Server-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "Cascadelake-Server-v2-x86_64-cpu"
name "Cascadelake-Server-v3-x86_64-cpu"
name "Cascadelake-Server-v4-x86_64-cpu"
name "Cascadelake-Server-x86_64-cpu"
name "Conroe-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "Conroe-x86_64-cpu"
name "Cooperlake-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "Cooperlake-x86_64-cpu"
name "core2duo-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "core2duo-x86_64-cpu"
name "coreduo-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "coreduo-x86_64-cpu"
name "Denverton-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "Denverton-v2-x86_64-cpu"
name "Denverton-x86_64-cpu"
name "Dhyana-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "Dhyana-x86_64-cpu"
name "EPYC-IBPB-x86_64-cpu"
name "EPYC-Milan-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "EPYC-Milan-x86_64-cpu"
name "EPYC-Rome-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "EPYC-Rome-v2-x86_64-cpu"
name "EPYC-Rome-x86_64-cpu"
name "EPYC-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "EPYC-v2-x86_64-cpu"
name "EPYC-v3-x86_64-cpu"
name "EPYC-x86_64-cpu"
name "Haswell-IBRS-x86_64-cpu"
name "Haswell-noTSX-IBRS-x86_64-cpu"
name "Haswell-noTSX-x86_64-cpu"
name "Haswell-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "Haswell-v2-x86_64-cpu"
name "Haswell-v3-x86_64-cpu"
name "Haswell-v4-x86_64-cpu"
name "Haswell-x86_64-cpu"
name "host-x86_64-cpu"
name "Icelake-Client-noTSX-x86_64-cpu"
name "Icelake-Client-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "Icelake-Client-v2-x86_64-cpu"
name "Icelake-Client-x86_64-cpu"
name "Icelake-Server-noTSX-x86_64-cpu"
name "Icelake-Server-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "Icelake-Server-v2-x86_64-cpu"
name "Icelake-Server-v3-x86_64-cpu"
name "Icelake-Server-v4-x86_64-cpu"
name "Icelake-Server-x86_64-cpu"
name "IvyBridge-IBRS-x86_64-cpu"
name "IvyBridge-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "IvyBridge-v2-x86_64-cpu"
name "IvyBridge-x86_64-cpu"
name "KnightsMill-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "KnightsMill-x86_64-cpu"
name "kvm32-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "kvm32-x86_64-cpu"
name "kvm64-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "kvm64-x86_64-cpu"
name "max-x86_64-cpu"
name "n270-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "n270-x86_64-cpu"
name "Nehalem-IBRS-x86_64-cpu"
name "Nehalem-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "Nehalem-v2-x86_64-cpu"
name "Nehalem-x86_64-cpu"
name "Opteron_G1-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "Opteron_G1-x86_64-cpu"
name "Opteron_G2-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "Opteron_G2-x86_64-cpu"
name "Opteron_G3-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "Opteron_G3-x86_64-cpu"
name "Opteron_G4-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "Opteron_G4-x86_64-cpu"
name "Opteron_G5-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "Opteron_G5-x86_64-cpu"
name "Penryn-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "Penryn-x86_64-cpu"
name "pentium-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "pentium-x86_64-cpu"
name "pentium2-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "pentium2-x86_64-cpu"
name "pentium3-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "pentium3-x86_64-cpu"
name "phenom-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "phenom-x86_64-cpu"
name "qemu32-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "qemu32-x86_64-cpu"
name "qemu64-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "qemu64-x86_64-cpu"
name "SandyBridge-IBRS-x86_64-cpu"
name "SandyBridge-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "SandyBridge-v2-x86_64-cpu"
name "SandyBridge-x86_64-cpu"
name "Skylake-Client-IBRS-x86_64-cpu"
name "Skylake-Client-noTSX-IBRS-x86_64-cpu"
name "Skylake-Client-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "Skylake-Client-v2-x86_64-cpu"
name "Skylake-Client-v3-x86_64-cpu"
name "Skylake-Client-x86_64-cpu"
name "Skylake-Server-IBRS-x86_64-cpu"
name "Skylake-Server-noTSX-IBRS-x86_64-cpu"
name "Skylake-Server-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "Skylake-Server-v2-x86_64-cpu"
name "Skylake-Server-v3-x86_64-cpu"
name "Skylake-Server-v4-x86_64-cpu"
name "Skylake-Server-x86_64-cpu"
name "Snowridge-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "Snowridge-v2-x86_64-cpu"
name "Snowridge-x86_64-cpu"
name "Westmere-IBRS-x86_64-cpu"
name "Westmere-v1-x86_64-cpu"
name "Westmere-v2-x86_64-cpu"
name "Westmere-x86_64-cpu"
Uncategorized devices:
name "AMDVI-PCI", bus PCI
name "ipmi-bmc-extern"
name "ipmi-bmc-sim"
name "isa-ipmi-bt", bus ISA
name "isa-ipmi-kcs", bus ISA
name "mc146818rtc", bus ISA
name "pc-dimm", desc "DIMM memory module"
name "pci-ipmi-bt", bus PCI, desc "PCI IPMI BT"
name "pci-ipmi-kcs", bus PCI, desc "PCI IPMI KCS"
name "x-pci-proxy-dev", bus PCI
atr@node3:/home/atr/local/bin$ sudo /home/atr/src/qemu-6.0.0/build/qemu-system-x86_64 -device vfio-pci,help
vfio-pci options:
acpi-index=<uint32> - (default: 0)
addr=<int32> - Slot and optional function number, example: 06.0 or 06 (default: -1)
bootindex=<int32>
display=<OnOffAuto> - on/off/auto (default: "off")
failover_pair_id=<str>
host=<str> - Address (bus/device/function) of the host device, example: 04:10.0
multifunction=<bool> - on/off (default: false)
rombar=<uint32> - (default: 1)
romfile=<str>
romsize=<uint32> - (default: 4294967295)
sysfsdev=<str>
x-balloon-allowed=<bool> - (default: false)
x-enable-migration=<bool> - (default: false)
x-igd-gms=<uint32> - (default: 0)
x-igd-opregion=<bool> - on/off (default: false)
x-intx-mmap-timeout-ms=<uint32> - (default: 1100)
x-msix-relocation=<OffAutoPCIBAR> - off/auto/bar0/bar1/bar2/bar3/bar4/bar5 (default: "off")
x-no-geforce-quirks=<bool> - (default: false)
x-no-kvm-intx=<bool> - (default: false)
x-no-kvm-ioeventfd=<bool> - (default: false)
x-no-kvm-msi=<bool> - (default: false)
x-no-kvm-msix=<bool> - (default: false)
x-no-mmap=<bool> - (default: false)
x-no-vfio-ioeventfd=<bool> - (default: false)
x-nv-gpudirect-clique=<uint4> - NVIDIA GPUDirect Clique ID (0 - 15)
x-pci-device-id=<uint32> - (default: 4294967295)
x-pci-sub-device-id=<uint32> - (default: 4294967295)
x-pci-sub-vendor-id=<uint32> - (default: 4294967295)
x-pci-vendor-id=<uint32> - (default: 4294967295)
x-pcie-extcap-init=<bool> - on/off (default: true)
x-pcie-lnksta-dllla=<bool> - on/off (default: true)
x-pre-copy-dirty-page-tracking=<OnOffAuto> - on/off/auto (default: "on")
x-req=<bool> - on/off (default: true)
x-vga=<bool> - on/off (default: false)
xres=<uint32> - (default: 0)
yres=<uint32> - (default: 0)