build(deps): bump python in /examples/shared/python

Bumps python from 3.11.5-slim-bookworm to 3.12.3-slim-bookworm.

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: python
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

examples/shared/python/Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM python:3.11.5-slim-bookworm@sha256:edaf703dce209d774af3ff768fc92b1e3b60261e7602126276f9ceb0e3a96874 as python-base
+FROM python:3.12.3-slim-bookworm@sha256:afc139a0a640942491ec481ad8dda10f2c5b753f5c969393b12480155fe15a63 as python-base
 RUN rm -f /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-clean \
     && echo 'Binary::apt::APT::Keep-Downloaded-Packages "true";' | tee /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/keep-cache
 ARG PYTHON_REQUIREMENTS_FILE=aiohttp/requirements.txt