fix(material/datepicker): announce the "to" when reading year range

Create period button's `aria-description` using `formatYearRangeLabel`
method. Format year range in a TTS friendly way (e.g. "2019 to 2020").
Previously, some screen readers would announce the range as "2019 2020".

Fixes #23467.

src/material/datepicker/calendar-header.html

@@ -2,11 +2,10 @@
   <div class="mat-calendar-controls">
     <button mat-button type="button" class="mat-calendar-period-button"
             (click)="currentPeriodClicked()" [attr.aria-label]="periodButtonLabel"
-            [attr.aria-describedby]="_buttonDescriptionId"
-            aria-live="polite">
-      <span [attr.id]="_buttonDescriptionId">{{periodButtonText}}</span>
+            [attr.aria-description]="periodButtonDescription" aria-live="polite">
+      <span aria-hidden="true">{{periodButtonText}}</span>
       <svg class="mat-calendar-arrow" [class.mat-calendar-invert]="calendar.currentView !== 'month'"
-           viewBox="0 0 10 5" focusable="false">
+           viewBox="0 0 10 5" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true">
            <polygon points="0,0 5,5 10,0"/>
       </svg>
     </button>

src/material/datepicker/calendar-header.spec.ts

@@ -191,10 +191,16 @@ describe('MatCalendarHeader', () => {
     });
 
     it('should label and describe period button for assistive technology', () => {
-      const description = periodButton.querySelector('span[id]');
+      expect(calendarInstance.currentView).toBe('month');
+
+      periodButton.click();
+      fixture.detectChanges();
+
+      expect(calendarInstance.currentView).toBe('multi-year');
       expect(periodButton.hasAttribute('aria-label')).toBe(true);
-      expect(periodButton.hasAttribute('aria-describedby')).toBe(true);
-      expect(periodButton.getAttribute('aria-describedby')).toBe(description?.getAttribute('id')!);
+      expect(periodButton.getAttribute('aria-label')).toMatch(/^[a-z0-9\s]+$/i);
+      expect(periodButton.hasAttribute('aria-description')).toBe(true);
+      expect(periodButton.getAttribute('aria-description')).toMatch(/^[a-z0-9\s]+$/i);
     });
   });
 

src/material/datepicker/calendar.ts

@@ -47,9 +47,6 @@ import {MAT_SINGLE_DATE_SELECTION_MODEL_PROVIDER, DateRange} from './date-select
  */
 export type MatCalendarView = 'month' | 'year' | 'multi-year';
 
-/** Counter used to generate unique IDs. */
-let uniqueId = 0;
-
 /** Default header for MatCalendar */
 @Component({
   selector: 'mat-calendar-header',
@@ -59,8 +56,6 @@ let uniqueId = 0;
   changeDetection: ChangeDetectionStrategy.OnPush,
 })
 export class MatCalendarHeader<D> {
-  _buttonDescriptionId = `mat-calendar-button-${uniqueId++}`;
-
   constructor(
     private _intl: MatDatepickerIntl,
     @Inject(forwardRef(() => MatCalendar)) public calendar: MatCalendar<D>,
@@ -71,7 +66,7 @@ export class MatCalendarHeader<D> {
     this.calendar.stateChanges.subscribe(() => changeDetectorRef.markForCheck());
   }
 
-  /** The label for the current calendar view. */
+  /** The display text for the current calendar view. */
   get periodButtonText(): string {
     if (this.calendar.currentView == 'month') {
       return this._dateAdapter
@@ -82,28 +77,26 @@ export class MatCalendarHeader<D> {
       return this._dateAdapter.getYearName(this.calendar.activeDate);
     }
 
-    // The offset from the active year to the "slot" for the starting year is the
-    // *actual* first rendered year in the multi-year view, and the last year is
-    // just yearsPerPage - 1 away.
-    const activeYear = this._dateAdapter.getYear(this.calendar.activeDate);
-    const minYearOfPage =
-      activeYear -
-      getActiveOffset(
-        this._dateAdapter,
-        this.calendar.activeDate,
-        this.calendar.minDate,
-        this.calendar.maxDate,
-      );
-    const maxYearOfPage = minYearOfPage + yearsPerPage - 1;
-    const minYearName = this._dateAdapter.getYearName(
-      this._dateAdapter.createDate(minYearOfPage, 0, 1),
-    );
-    const maxYearName = this._dateAdapter.getYearName(
-      this._dateAdapter.createDate(maxYearOfPage, 0, 1),
-    );
-    return this._intl.formatYearRange(minYearName, maxYearName);
+    return this._intl.formatYearRange(...this._formatMinAndMaxYearLabels());
+  }
+
+  /** The `aria-description` for the current calendar view. */
+  get periodButtonDescription(): string {
+    if (this.calendar.currentView == 'month') {
+      return this._dateAdapter
+        .format(this.calendar.activeDate, this._dateFormats.display.monthYearLabel)
+        .toLocaleUpperCase();
+    }
+    if (this.calendar.currentView == 'year') {
+      return this._dateAdapter.getYearName(this.calendar.activeDate);
+    }
+
+    // Format a label for the window of years displayed in the multi-year calendar view. Use
+    // `formatYearRangeLabel` because it is TTS friendly.
+    return this._intl.formatYearRangeLabel(...this._formatMinAndMaxYearLabels());
   }
 
+  /** The `aria-label` for changing the calendar view. */
   get periodButtonLabel(): string {
     return this.calendar.currentView == 'month'
       ? this._intl.switchToMultiYearViewLabel
@@ -192,6 +185,35 @@ export class MatCalendarHeader<D> {
       this.calendar.maxDate,
     );
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Format two individual labels for the minimum year and maximum year available in the multi-year
+   * calendar view. Returns an array of two strings where the first string is the formatted label
+   * for the minimum year, and the second string is the formatted label for the maximum year.
+   */
+  private _formatMinAndMaxYearLabels(): [minYearLabel: string, maxYearLabel: string] {
+    // The offset from the active year to the "slot" for the starting year is the
+    // *actual* first rendered year in the multi-year view, and the last year is
+    // just yearsPerPage - 1 away.
+    const activeYear = this._dateAdapter.getYear(this.calendar.activeDate);
+    const minYearOfPage =
+      activeYear -
+      getActiveOffset(
+        this._dateAdapter,
+        this.calendar.activeDate,
+        this.calendar.minDate,
+        this.calendar.maxDate,
+      );
+    const maxYearOfPage = minYearOfPage + yearsPerPage - 1;
+    const minYearLabel = this._dateAdapter.getYearName(
+      this._dateAdapter.createDate(minYearOfPage, 0, 1),
+    );
+    const maxYearLabel = this._dateAdapter.getYearName(
+      this._dateAdapter.createDate(maxYearOfPage, 0, 1),
+    );
+
+    return [minYearLabel, maxYearLabel];
+  }
 }
 
 /** A calendar that is used as part of the datepicker. */

tools/public_api_guard/material/datepicker.md

@@ -282,14 +282,12 @@ export type MatCalendarCellCssClasses = string | string[] | Set<string> | {
 export class MatCalendarHeader<D> {
     constructor(_intl: MatDatepickerIntl, calendar: MatCalendar<D>, _dateAdapter: DateAdapter<D>, _dateFormats: MatDateFormats, changeDetectorRef: ChangeDetectorRef);
     // (undocumented)
-    _buttonDescriptionId: string;
-    // (undocumented)
     calendar: MatCalendar<D>;
     currentPeriodClicked(): void;
     get nextButtonLabel(): string;
     nextClicked(): void;
     nextEnabled(): boolean;
-    // (undocumented)
+    get periodButtonDescription(): string;
     get periodButtonLabel(): string;
     get periodButtonText(): string;
     get prevButtonLabel(): string;