[BUGFIX] Update doctrine/dbal to ensure performance bugfix

Doctrine DBAL 3.7.0 introduced a performance issue [1]
which has been already fixed by the Doctrine Team [2].

This change updates the `doctrine/dbal` composer constraint
to ensure that this performance issue is gone.

Note:   The monorepo composer.lock already containted the
        3.7.2 bugfis release, therefore this has not been
        detected in casual core development. This update
        is to mitigate the performance issue at all costs
        for TYPO3 users.

As a sideeffect, this should put `composerInstallMin`
nightly function tests on speed again.

Used command(s):

> composer require --no-update --no-install \
    -d typo3/sysext/redirects \
    "doctrine/dbal":"^3.7.2" ; \
  composer require --no-update --no-install \
    -d typo3/sysext/core \
    "doctrine/dbal":"^3.7.2" ; \
  composer require --no-update --no-install \
    -d typo3/sysext/install \
    "doctrine/dbal":"^3.7.2" ; \
  composer require --no-update \
    "doctrine/dbal":"^3.7.2" ; \
  composer update --lock

[1] contao/contao#6409
[2] doctrine/dbal#6202

Resolves: #102830
Releases: main, 12.4
Change-Id: If8b09f9556f11cc0fda4690f81343fc6c5d5e476
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/82448
Tested-by: Markus Klein <markus.klein@typo3.org>
Tested-by: Garvin Hicking <gh@faktor-e.de>
Reviewed-by: Oliver Klee <typo3-coding@oliverklee.de>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Bürk <stefan@buerk.tech>
Tested-by: core-ci <typo3@b13.com>
Reviewed-by: Benni Mack <benni@typo3.org>
Reviewed-by: Markus Klein <markus.klein@typo3.org>
Tested-by: Oliver Klee <typo3-coding@oliverklee.de>
Tested-by: Benni Mack <benni@typo3.org>
Reviewed-by: Garvin Hicking <gh@faktor-e.de>
Tested-by: Stefan Bürk <stefan@buerk.tech>

composer.json

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 		"sort-packages": true
 	},
 	"require": {
-		"doctrine/dbal": "^3.7.1",
+		"doctrine/dbal": "^3.7.2",
 		"psr/http-message": "^1.1 || ^2.0",
 		"psr/log": "^2.0 || ^3.0",
 		"symfony/console": "^7.0",