This is an example application that allows you to upload files to S3 through a pre-signed URL. The pre-signed URL is retrieved through an API Gateway endpoint invoking a Lambda function. AWS Cognito is used to authenticate and authorize the request for the pre-signed URL. Through this method, you can upload files to an otherwise private S3 bucket.
The full setup is described in the diagram below and explained in my blog post: Using pre-signed URLs to upload a file to a private S3 bucket.