Image Representation and storing formats README

4_cv_basics/1_image_representation/README.md

@@ -3,88 +3,106 @@
 ## Table Of Contents
 - [Image Representation](#image-representation)
   - [Table Of Contents](#table-of-contents)
-  - [How Do We Represent Image?](#how-do-we-represent-image)
+  - [What is Image Representation ?](#what-is-image-representation-)
   - [Some Important Terminologies](#some-important-terminologies)
+	-  [Pixels](#pixels)
+	- [Resolution](#resolution)
+	- [Aspect Ratio](#aspect-ratio)
   - [Types of Images](#types-of-images)
-    - [Binary Images](#binary-images)
-    - [Grayscale Images](#grayscale-images)
-    - [RGB Images](#rgb-images)
+	- [Binary Images](#binary-images)
+	- [Grayscale Images](#grayscale-images)
+	- [RGB Images](#rgb-images)
   - [Colour Models](#colour-models)
-    - [Additive Model](#additive-model)
-    - [Subtractive Models](#subtractive-models)
-    - [HSV Colour Model](#hsv-colour-model)
+	- [Additive Model](#additive-model)
+	- [Subtractive Models](#subtractive-models)
+	- [HSV Colour Model](#hsv-colour-model)
   - [Different Image Storing Formats](#different-image-storing-formats)
-      - [BitMap (.bmp)](#bitmap-bmp)
-      - [TIFF Format (.tiff , .tif)](#tiff-format-tiff--tif)
-      - [JPG Format (.jpg , .jpeg , .jpe , .jif , .jfif)](#jpg-format-jpg--jpeg--jpe--jif--jfif)
-      - [PNG Format (.png)](#png-format-png)
+	- [BitMap (.bmp)](#bitmap-bmp)
+	- [TIFF Format (.tiff , .tif)](#tiff-format-tiff--tif)
+	- [JPG Format (.jpg , .jpeg , .jpe , .jif , .jfif)](#jpg-format-jpg--jpeg--jpe--jif--jfif)
+	- [PNG Format (.png)](#png-format-png)
   - [How is image actually stored ?](#how-is-image-actually-stored-)
-    - [Block 1: File Type Data](#block-1-file-type-data)
-    - [Block 2: Image Information Data](#block-2-image-information-data)
-    - [Block 3: Color Pallet (semi-optional)](#block-3-color-pallet-semi-optional)
-    - [Block 4: Raw Pixel Data](#block-4-raw-pixel-data)
-    - [Total BMP File Size](#total-bmp-file-size)
+	- [Block 1: File Type Data](#block-1-file-type-data)
+	- [Block 2: Image Information Data](#block-2-image-information-data)
+	- [Block 3: Color Pallet (semi-optional)](#block-3-color-pallet-semi-optional)
+	- [Block 4: Raw Pixel Data](#block-4-raw-pixel-data)
+	- [Total BMP File Size](#total-bmp-file-size)
   - [Installations](#installations)
-    - [Ubuntu](#ubuntu)
-    - [MacOS](#macos)
+	- [Ubuntu](#ubuntu)
+	- [MacOS](#macos)
   - [Build and run the executables](#build-and-run-the-executables)
-      - [Run without make](#run-without-make)
+	- [Run without make](#run-without-make)
 
-## How Do We Represent Image?
+## What is Image Representation ?
 
-- It can be represented in various forms. 
-- As most of the time, representation refers to the way that brings information, such as color is coded digitally, and how the image is stored, i.e., how an image file is structured.
+- Image Representation refers to the process of encoding visual information from an image to numerical or digital format that can be stored and processed by the computer.
 
-- So,for the simplicity of computing it is represented in a matrix form.
+- Basically, the images are represented in a matrix form for better understanding and processing the image.
 
 
 ## Some Important Terminologies
 
-1. **Pixel**: Pixel is the smallest unit of a picture displayed on the computer screen.
 
-A pixel includes its own:-
-* **Intensity**
-* **Name or Address**
+### Pixels:
+The smallest unit of an image is termed as a PIXEL.
 
+A pixel includes:
+- **Color Intensity (0 to 255)**
+- **Address of the pixel**
 
-The size of the image is defined as the total number of pixels in the horizontal direction times the total number of pixels in the vertical direction. For eg: (512 x 512,640 x 480, or 1024 x 768).
 
+The size of an image is defined by the  product of total number of pixels in the horizontal direction and the number of pixels in the vertical direction. For eg: 512x512, 640x480, etc.
 
-2. **Resolution**: The number of pixels per unit is called the resolution of the image.The sharpness of the picture on display depends on the resolution and the size of the monitor.
 
-It includes- 
+### Resolution: 
+The number of pixels per unit is called the resolution of the image. It refeers to the number of pixels that make up an image.
 
-● **Image Resolution**: The distance between two pixels.
+**BETTER THE RESOLUTION,
+BETTER WILL BE THE IMAGE.**
 
-● **Screen Resolution**: The number of horizontal and vertical pixels displayed on the screen is called Screen Resolution.
-For Example– 640 x 480, 1024 x 768 (Horizontal x Vertical)
 
 
-3. **Aspect Ratio**: The ratio of image’s width to its height is known as the aspect ratio of an image. The height and width of an image are measured in length or number of pixels.
-For Example: If a graphics has an aspect ratio of 2:1, it means the width is twice large to height.
+**Types of Resolution:**
+
+● **Image Resolution**: The distance between two pixels or the total number of pixels in an image.
+- **Resolution ∝ Quality ∝ Size**
+
+● **Screen Resolution**: The number of horizontal and vertical pixels displayed on the screen is called Screen Resolution.
+- For Example– 1920x1080 (Horizontal x Vertical)
+
 
-It includes–
+### Aspect Ratio: 
+It refers to the proportional relationship between the width and height of an image or video.
+	For Example: 16:9, 4:3, 1:1, etc.
 
-● **Frame aspect ratio**: Horizontal /Vertical Size
+![image | 400](https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSDaOZb_8TzXwTL-OfagXZmqKbXxCWFG2mTlw&usqp=CAU)
 
-● **Pixel aspect ratio**: Width of Pixel/Height of Pixel
 
 ## Types of Images
-There are many type of images , and we will look in detail about different types of images , and the color distribution in them.
+There are 3 basic types of images as far as its classification is concerned. Let's have a look at them one by one.
+
 
 ### Binary Images
 
-![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/109454803/226694714-44da9176-7f15-49d6-960b-3e77ea5b44a4.png)
+Binary images are digital images that consists only 2 values for each pixel, basically 0 and 1.
+
+![image](https://learnlearn.uk/binary/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2017/01/step-1-binary-bitmap-bw.png)
 
 ### Grayscale Images
-![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/109454803/226695141-32c82835-31f9-42dc-82fc-6d9948b9235d.png)
+
+Grayscale images are digital images that consists the shades of gray, ranging from black to white.
+
+![image](https://i.stack.imgur.com/B2DBy.jpg)
 
 ### RGB Images
-![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/109454803/226695502-c0d9311f-bc48-41c3-9db0-43d1d3a005bd.png)
+
+RGB images are digital images that are composed of 3 primary colours: RED, GREEN, BLUE.
+
+![image](https://static.packt-cdn.com/products/9781789613964/graphics/assets/c41a3fe1-bb95-42f1-9a09-f4cbe58444e0.png)
 
 ## Colour Models
 
-Color model is a 3D color coordinate system to produce all range of color through the primary color set.
+Color Models are a way of specifying the visible spectrum by using numeric values or color components
 Their types are:
 
 ### Additive Model
@@ -93,23 +111,23 @@ Their types are:
 
 ● The Additive color model uses a mixture of light to display colors.
 
-● The perceived color depends on the transmission of light.
+● In RGB Color Model, the RED, BLUE and GREEN primary colors of light are added together in various ways to get a variety of colors.
 
-● It is used in digital media.For eg: Computer Monitor, Television etc.
+● It is used in Digital Media. For eg: Computer Monitor, Television, etc.
 
-![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/109454803/226695799-882fa65b-b77f-4cc9-be5b-e9723eb26b06.png)
+![image](https://snobmonkey.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/2000px-AdditiveColor.svg-640x640.png)
 
 ### Subtractive Models
 
 ● It is also named as “CMYK Model.” CMYK stands for Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black.
 
 ● The Subtractive model uses a reflection of light to display the colors.
 
-● The perceived color depends on the reflection of light.
+● In CMYK Color Model, the Cyan, Magenta and Yellow primary colors of light are added together in various ways to get a variety of colors.
 
-● The CMYK model uses printing inks. For Example: Paint, Pigments, and color filter etc.
+● The CMYK model uses Printing Media. For Example: Printers, Pigments, and color filter etc.
 
-![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/109454803/226695999-806df95e-c3a6-4ad9-b0bb-623e5785ef44.png)
+![image](https://snobmonkey.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/cmyk-illustration.jpg)
 
 ### HSV Colour Model
 
@@ -119,6 +137,10 @@ Their types are:
 
 ● It has three components: hue, saturation, and value. This color space describes colors (hue or tint)
 
+● Describes color in terms of their shade and brightness in cylindrical geometry.
+
+● These models are widely used in Color Pickers, editing softwares, etc.
+
 in terms of their shade (saturation or amount of gray) and their brightness value.
 
 ![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/109454803/226696173-9fb989c7-7a6e-4f64-9b9d-0ef56f608552.png)
@@ -139,7 +161,6 @@ Three Components of HSV colour model are as follows:
 
 * **VALUE (OR BRIGHTNESS)**: Value works in conjunction with saturation and describes the brightness or intensity of the color, from 0 to 100 percent, where 0 is completely black, and 100 is the brightest and reveals the most color.
 
-* All images are stored in the computer as rectangular pixels. The resolution is an image referign to the number of pixels in a grid. Higher resolutions can be more details can be stored in an image. 
 * Images are stored and transmitted using image file formats, which are digital file formats. Each file format has an own method for storing and compressing image data, which can affect how many pixels an image can have.
 
 ## Different Image Storing Formats
@@ -244,7 +265,9 @@ The FileSize field in `BITMAPFILEHEADER` header is the sum of all the bytes in t
 
 ![](assets/bmp_detailed_file_structure.jpg)
 
-*Note: It is to be noted that this example uses SDL2 library just to fulfil the purpose of displaying each pixel of the image on the screen. As such there is no special need to understand the internals of SDL2 library to understand the basics of image representation.*
+**Note: It is to be noted that this example uses SDL2 library just to fulfil the purpose of displaying each pixel of the image on the screen. As such there is no special need to understand the internals of SDL2 library to understand the basics of image representation.**
+
+
 
 ## Installations