[CQT-134] Add Debug build type to `cpp-shared` job #842

Job	Run time
C++ tests (clang/macos/ARM64) (Debug)	2m 49s
C++ tests (clang/MacOS/x64) (Debug)	7m 23s
C++ tests (gcc-clang/Linux/x64) (Debug, clang)	3m 9s
C++ tests (clang/macos/ARM64) (Release)	2m 46s
C++ tests (clang/MacOS/x64) (Release)	6m 1s
C++ tests (gcc/Linux/ARM64) (Debug)	10m 50s
C++ tests (gcc-clang/Linux/x64) (Debug, gcc)	1m 34s
C++ tests (gcc/Linux/ARM64) (Release)	16m 1s
C++ tests (gcc-clang/Linux/x64) (Release, clang)	3m 29s
C++ tests (gcc-clang/Linux/x64) (Release, gcc)	1m 34s
C++ tests (msvc/Windows/x64) (Debug)	3m 16s
Docker	4m 34s
C++ tests (msvc/Windows/x64) (Release)	3m 35s
C++ tests (shared) (Debug)	14s
Python tests (Linux/x64)	1m 51s
C++ tests (shared) (Release)	59s
Python tests (macOS/arm64)	2m 35s
Python tests (macOS/x64)	5m 44s
Python tests (Windows/x64)	3m 34s
TS tests (clang/emscripten/wasm) (Release)	3m 25s
Report status	1s
	1h 25m 24s

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