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pta_places.json
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[
{
"ID": "Aijalon_Jos.10.12",
"canonical": "Aijalon",
"description": "Aijalon was a city in the territory of the tribe of Dan, located in the Shephelah (foothills) region of Judah. It is most famously known as the place where Joshua commanded the moon to stand still during the battle against the Amorite kings (Joshua 10:12). The city was allotted to the tribe of Dan (Joshua 19:42) and later designated as a Levitical city for the Kohathites (Joshua 21:24; 1 Chronicles 6:69). ¶After the conquest of Canaan, the Amorites continued to dwell in Aijalon, and the Danites failed to drive them out completely (Judges 1:35). Elon, a judge of Israel, was buried in Aijalon (Judges 12:12). During Saul's reign, the Israelites pursued the Philistines as far as Aijalon (1 Samuel 14:31). Some descendants of Benjamin, including the family of Beriah, lived in Aijalon (1 Chronicles 8:13). ¶King Rehoboam of Judah fortified Aijalon as part of his defensive strategy (2 Chronicles 11:10). Later, during the reign of King Ahaz, the Philistines captured Aijalon and settled there (2 Chronicles 28:18). The city is generally identified with the modern village of Yalo, about 13 miles (21 km) northwest of Jerusalem.",
"coordinates": [
"35.02537926743067",
"31.84117376619545"
],
"bbox": "",
"urns": [
"pta0037.pta001.pta-grc1:l30",
"pta0037.pta001.pta-grc1:l32"
],
"orig_name": [
"Αἰλῶν",
"Αἰλῶν"
],
"other_ids": []
},
{
"ID": "Aram-naharaim_Psa.60.1",
"canonical": "Aram-naharaim",
"description": "Aram-naharaim, meaning \"Aram of the two rivers,\" is mentioned in the title of Psalm 60. This region, located in Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, was the homeland of the Arameans, a Semitic people group. The title of the psalm indicates that David fought against Aram-naharaim, likely referring to a military campaign during his reign. ¶The Arameans of this region were among the enemies Israel faced during the time of the united monarchy. David's confrontation with Aram-naharaim demonstrates the ongoing conflicts between Israel and the surrounding nations as the Israelite kingdom expanded and sought to establish its dominance in the region. ¶Apart from this single reference in the psalm title, no other details about David's specific battle against Aram-naharaim are provided in the Bible. However, the mention of this region highlights the geographical scope of David's military activities and the challenges he faced as king of Israel.",
"coordinates": [
"42.0",
"35.1"
],
"bbox": "",
"urns": [
"pta0003.pta020.pta-grcBibex2:l5"
],
"orig_name": [
"Μεσοποταμίαν Συρίας"
],
"other_ids": [
{
"WIKIDATA": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q625636"
}
]
},
{
"ID": "Aram-zobah_Psa.60.1",
"canonical": "Aram-zobah (near Damascus)",
"description": "Aram-zobah is mentioned in the title of Psalm 60, along with Aram-naharaim, as a region against which David fought. Zobah was an Aramean kingdom located in central Syria, north of Damascus. The Arameans of Zobah were among the enemies Israel faced during the time of the united monarchy. ¶The title of the psalm suggests that David engaged in a military campaign against Aram-zobah, likely seeking to expand Israel's influence and control in the region. The conflict with Aram-zobah is also mentioned in 2 Samuel 8:3-8 and 1 Chronicles 18:3-8, which describe David's victories over Hadadezer, the king of Zobah, and his allies. ¶David's success against Aram-zobah and the acquisition of valuable resources, such as gold, silver, and bronze, contributed to the strengthening of Israel's position and wealth during his reign. The mention of Aram-zobah in the psalm title serves as a reminder of David's military prowess and the challenges he faced in establishing Israel's dominance in the region.",
"coordinates": [
"36.31344999999999",
"33.519299"
],
"bbox": "",
"urns": [
"pta0003.pta020.pta-grcBibex2:l6"
],
"orig_name": [
"Συρίαν Σωβᾶ"
],
"other_ids": []
},
{
"ID": "Beersheba_Gen.21.14",
"canonical": "Beersheba",
"description": "Beersheba, also known as Sheba or Shibah, was a significant city located in the Negev region of southern Israel. It is mentioned numerous times throughout the Old Testament and is closely associated with the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. ¶The name \"Beersheba\" first appears in Genesis 21:31, where Abraham named the place after making a covenant with Abimelech, the king of Gerar. The name means \"well of seven\" or \"well of the oath,\" referring to the seven ewe lambs that Abraham gave to Abimelech as a witness to the covenant (Genesis 21:28-31). ¶Abraham lived in Beersheba for a time (Genesis 22:19), and it was from there that he set out to offer his son Isaac as a sacrifice in the land of Moriah (Genesis 22:1-19). Isaac also lived in Beersheba, where he built an altar and called upon the name of the Lord (Genesis 26:23-25, 33). Jacob left Beersheba to go to Haran (Genesis 28:10) and later returned there to offer sacrifices to God before going to Egypt (Genesis 46:1, 5). ¶In the later history of Israel, Beersheba marked the southern extent of the nation, as seen in the phrase \"from Dan to Beersheba\" (Judges 20:1; 1 Samuel 3:20; 2 Samuel 3:10; 17:11; 24:2, 15; 1 Kings 4:25). The city was allotted to the tribe of Simeon (Joshua 19:2) and became part of the kingdom of Judah (2 Samuel 24:7). ¶Beersheba was also a center of idolatry, as evidenced by the references to the \"way of Beersheba\" (Amos 8:14) and the \"sin of Samaria\" (Amos 5:5). King Josiah removed the idolatrous priests and destroyed the high places from Geba to Beersheba as part of his religious reforms (2 Kings 23:8). ¶In summary, Beersheba was a prominent city in the Negev, serving as a key location in the lives of the patriarchs and later as a boundary marker for the nation of Israel. Its history was marked by both faithfulness to God and idolatry.",
"coordinates": [
"34.8408885849849",
"31.24495217357714"
],
"bbox": "",
"urns": [
"pta0022.pta004.pta-grc1:l6"
],
"orig_name": [
"Βηρσαβεὲ"
],
"other_ids": [
{
"WIKIDATA": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q534596"
},
{
"PLEIADES": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/687846"
}
]
},
{
"ID": "Calneh_Gen.10.10",
"canonical": "Calneh",
"description": "Calneh, also known as Calno, was an ancient city mentioned in the Bible as one of the cities founded by Nimrod in the land of Shinar (Genesis 10:10). It is also referred to in the prophetic books of Amos (6:2) and Isaiah (10:9) as a city of significance, and in Ezekiel (27:23) as a trading partner of Tyre. ¶The exact location of Calneh is uncertain, but it is generally believed to have been situated in Mesopotamia, in the region of Babylonia or Assyria. Some scholars identify it with the ancient city of Kullania or Kullanhu, known from Assyrian inscriptions, which was located near the Tigris River. ¶In the Bible, Calneh is mentioned alongside other notable cities such as Babel, Erech, and Accad, suggesting its importance in the ancient Near Eastern world. The prophet Amos used Calneh as an example of a great city that had fallen, warning Israel of impending judgment (Amos 6:2). Similarly, Isaiah mentioned Calneh in the context of Assyria's conquests and its arrogance against God (Isaiah 10:9). ¶Ezekiel's reference to Calneh as a trading partner of Tyre (Ezekiel 27:23) indicates that the city was involved in commercial activities and had established economic ties with other major centers in the region. ¶Although the biblical references to Calneh are brief, they suggest that it was a city of considerable significance in ancient Mesopotamia, known for its political, economic, and cultural importance. Its association with Nimrod and its mention alongside other prominent cities underscore its place in the early history of human civilization.",
"coordinates": [
"45.229995",
"32.127213"
],
"bbox": "",
"urns": [
"pta0004.pta001.pta-grcBibex:l28"
],
"orig_name": [
"χαλάνη"
],
"other_ids": []
},
{
"ID": "Chebar_Ezk.1.1",
"canonical": "Chebar",
"description": "The Chebar River, also known as the Kebar River, is mentioned several times in the Book of Ezekiel. It was a waterway located in Babylonia, near the city of Nippur, where the prophet Ezekiel and other Jewish exiles were settled during the Babylonian captivity. ¶Ezekiel received his prophetic call and many of his visions while residing by the Chebar River (Ezekiel 1:1, 3). It was there that he saw the vision of the four living creatures and the throne of God (Ezekiel 1:1-28). Later, Ezekiel was transported in visions to Jerusalem, where he witnessed the idolatry and abominations being committed in the temple (Ezekiel 8:1-18). ¶The Chebar River is also mentioned in connection with the elders of Judah who came to consult Ezekiel (Ezekiel 3:15) and the vision of the cherubim and the glory of God departing from the temple (Ezekiel 10:15-22). ¶The exact location of the Chebar River is uncertain, but it was likely a navigable canal or tributary of the Euphrates River. The settlement of Jewish exiles by the river suggests that it was an area suitable for agriculture and sustaining a population. The Chebar River serves as an important geographical marker in Ezekiel's prophecies and provides the setting for many of his visions and messages from God.",
"coordinates": [
"44.062930",
"33.159129"
],
"bbox": "",
"urns": [
"pta0001.pta036.pta-grc1:l1"
],
"orig_name": [
"Χοβὰρ"
],
"other_ids": []
},
{
"ID": "Eden_Gen.2.8",
"canonical": "",
"description": "Eden, also known as the Garden of Eden, was the perfect paradise created by God as a dwelling place for the first man and woman, Adam and Eve. It was planted by God in the east (Genesis 2:8) and was watered by a river that divided into four headwaters (Genesis 2:10). God placed Adam in the Garden of Eden to cultivate and keep it (Genesis 2:15). The garden contained various trees, including the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil (Genesis 2:9). After Adam and Eve disobeyed God by eating from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, they were expelled from the Garden of Eden (Genesis 3:23-24). Cherubim and a flaming sword were placed at the east of the garden to guard the way to the tree of life (Genesis 3:24). The Garden of Eden is mentioned in later biblical passages as a symbol of perfect beauty, abundance, and God's ideal for His creation (Isaiah 51:3; Ezekiel 28:13; 31:9, 16, 18; 36:35; Joel 2:3). The exact location of the Garden of Eden is unknown, but it is believed to have been situated in the ancient Near East, possibly in Mesopotamia.",
"coordinates": [
"",
""
],
"bbox": "",
"urns": [
"pta0001.pta004.pta-grc1:l1",
"pta0001.pta037.pta-grc1:l1",
"pta0001.pta061.pta-grc1:l1",
"pta0001.pta061.pta-grc1:l2",
"pta0001.pta061.pta-grc1:l3",
"pta0001.pta061.pta-grc1:l4",
"pta0001.pta061.pta-grc1:l5",
"pta0001.pta061.pta-grc1:l6",
"pta0001.pta062.pta-grc1:l1",
"pta0001.pta072.pta-grc1:l5",
"pta0037.pta001.pta-grc1:l59",
"pta0037.pta001.pta-grc1:l60",
"pta0037.pta001.pta-grc1:l61"
],
"orig_name": [
"Ἐδέμ",
"Ἐδέμ",
"Ἐδὲμ",
"Ἐδέμ",
"Ἐδὲμ",
"Ἐδὲμ",
"Ἐδὲμ",
"Ἐδὲμ",
"Ἐδέμ",
"Ἐδέμ",
"Ἐδὲμ",
"Ἐδὲμ",
"Ἐδὲμ"
],
"other_ids": [
{
"WIKIDATA": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q19014"
}
]
},
{
"ID": "Gath_Jos.11.22",
"canonical": "Gath",
"description": "Gath was one of the five principal cities of the Philistines, along with Gaza, Ashdod, Ashkelon, and Ekron (Joshua 13:3). It was located in the coastal plain of Philistia, near the border with Judah. The city is mentioned numerous times throughout the Old Testament, often in the context of conflicts between the Israelites and the Philistines. ¶During the conquest of Canaan, Gath was one of the last strongholds of the Anakim, a race of giants (Joshua 11:22). The city gained prominence as the hometown of Goliath, the giant warrior who was defeated by David in single combat (1 Samuel 17:4, 23). ¶Gath played a significant role in the life of David. When fleeing from King Saul, David sought refuge in Gath, where he pretended to be insane to avoid arousing suspicion (1 Samuel 21:10-15). Later, David returned to Gath and served under King Achish, who gave him the town of Ziklag (1 Samuel 27:2-6). ¶The city was captured by David during his reign as king (1 Chronicles 18:1), and it was also attacked by later Israelite kings, such as Uzziah (2 Chronicles 26:6) and Hezekiah (2 Kings 18:8). The term \"Gittite\" is used to refer to people from Gath, such as Obed-Edom, in whose house the Ark of the Covenant was temporarily kept (2 Samuel 6:10-11). ¶Gath is also mentioned in prophetic texts, such as Amos 6:2 and Micah 1:10, which speak of the city's destruction and the fate of its inhabitants. The exact location of Gath is uncertain, but it is believed to be Tell es-Safi, an archaeological site in modern-day Israel.",
"coordinates": [
"34.84388288576839",
"31.69352950368834"
],
"bbox": "",
"urns": [
"pta0003.pta020.pta-grcBibex2:l4"
],
"orig_name": [
"Γέθ"
],
"other_ids": [
{
"WIKIDATA": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1348441"
}
]
},
{
"ID": "Gihon_Gen.2.13",
"canonical": "Gihon 2",
"description": "Gihon is the name given to two different water sources in the Bible. First, it is mentioned as one of the four rivers that flowed from the Garden of Eden (Genesis 2:13). The exact location of this river is unknown, and there is no further information provided about it in the biblical text. Second, Gihon is the name of a spring located near Jerusalem, which played a significant role in the city's water supply and in the anointing of King Solomon. It was at the Gihon spring that Solomon was anointed as king by the priest Zadok and the prophet Nathan (1 Kings 1:33, 38, 45). King Hezekiah later directed the waters of the Gihon spring through a tunnel to the west side of the City of David, ensuring a reliable water supply for Jerusalem during times of siege (2 Chronicles 32:30). King Manasseh, Hezekiah's son, built a wall outside the City of David, extending it to the west of the Gihon spring (2 Chronicles 33:14). The Gihon spring's location and its importance for Jerusalem's water supply make it a significant site in the city's history and in the narratives of the Israelite monarchy.",
"coordinates": [
"35.237186",
"31.773116"
],
"bbox": "",
"urns": [
"pta0001.pta061.pta-grc1:l13",
"pta0001.pta061.pta-grc1:l15",
"pta0001.pta061.pta-grc1:l17"
],
"orig_name": [
"Γηών",
"Γηὼν",
"Γηών"
],
"other_ids": [
{
"WIKIDATA": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1247896"
}
]
},
{
"ID": "Gilgal_Deu.11.30",
"canonical": "Gilgal 1",
"description": "Gilgal, also referred to as Geliloth, Beth-gilgal, or Gibeath-haaraloth, was a significant site during Israel's early history in Canaan. It was located in the Jordan Valley, near Jericho. Gilgal served as the first campsite for the Israelites after they crossed the Jordan River under Joshua's leadership (Joshua 4:19-20). It was at Gilgal that the Israelites set up twelve memorial stones taken from the Jordan and where Joshua circumcised the new generation born in the wilderness (Joshua 5:3, 9). The Passover was also celebrated at Gilgal (Joshua 5:10). Gilgal served as a base of operations for Joshua during the conquest of Canaan, with the Gibeonites coming to seek a treaty there (Joshua 9:6) and Joshua launching campaigns against the Amorite kings from Gilgal (Joshua 10:6-9, 15, 43). Later, it became a place where the Israelites assembled and where Saul was confirmed as king (1 Samuel 11:14-15). Samuel included Gilgal in his circuit as a judge (1 Samuel 7:16). However, Gilgal also became associated with idolatrous worship, as evidenced by the prophets' condemnations (Hosea 4:15; 9:15; 12:11; Amos 4:4; 5:5). Despite its significance in Israel's history, Gilgal's importance declined over time.",
"coordinates": [
"35.51854651224448",
"31.86378328132916"
],
"bbox": "",
"urns": [
"pta0029.pta002.pta-deu1:l3",
"pta0029.pta002.pta-deu1:l5",
"pta0029.pta002.pta-grc1:l3",
"pta0029.pta002.pta-grc1:l5",
"pta0029.pta002.pta-grc2:l3",
"pta0029.pta002.pta-grc2:l5"
],
"orig_name": [
"Gilgal am Ufer des Jordan",
"Gilgal",
"Γαλγάλοις πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου",
"Γάλγαλα",
"Γαλγάλοις πέραν τοῦ Ἰορδάνου",
"Γάλγαλα"
],
"other_ids": []
},
{
"ID": "Gomorrah_Gen.10.19",
"canonical": "Gomorrah",
"description": "Gomorrah was one of the five cities in the plain of Jordan, along with Sodom, Admah, Zeboiim, and Zoar (Genesis 10:19, 14:2). It was located in a fertile area, well-watered like the garden of the Lord (Genesis 13:10). ¶However, the wickedness of Gomorrah and the neighboring cities was exceedingly grave (Genesis 18:20). When God revealed His plan to destroy the cities to Abraham, the patriarch pleaded for their survival if even ten righteous people could be found (Genesis 18:23-32). Ultimately, only Lot and his two daughters were spared, while Gomorrah and the other cities were destroyed by sulfur and fire from heaven (Genesis 19:24-25). ¶The destruction of Gomorrah and Sodom became a symbol of God's judgment against sin and a warning to future generations (Deuteronomy 29:23, 32:32; Isaiah 1:9-10, 13:19; Jeremiah 23:14, 49:18, 50:40; Amos 4:11; Zephaniah 2:9). In the New Testament, Jesus used Sodom and Gomorrah as an example of the fate awaiting those who reject the gospel message (Matthew 10:15; Mark 6:11; Luke 10:12). ¶The apostle Peter cited the destruction of these cities as proof of God's judgment against the ungodly and His deliverance of the righteous (2 Peter 2:6-9). Jude also referred to Sodom and Gomorrah as an example of the punishment awaiting those who indulge in sexual immorality and perversion (Jude 1:7). ¶The exact location of Gomorrah remains unknown, as the cities were completely destroyed. However, it is believed to have been situated in the area south of the Dead Sea, possibly submerged beneath its waters.",
"coordinates": [
"35.4739543300078",
"31.15724866533878"
],
"bbox": "",
"urns": [
"pta0001.pta007.pta-grc1:l10",
"pta0001.pta007.pta-grc1:l19",
"pta0001.pta007.pta-grc1:l22",
"pta0001.pta042.pta-grc1:l1",
"pta0001.pta042.pta-grc1:l5",
"pta0001.pta042.pta-grc1:l7",
"pta0001.pta060.pta-grc1:l11"
],
"orig_name": [
"Γομόρρας",
"Γόμορρα",
"Γομόρρας",
"Γομμόρρας",
"Γομμόρρας",
"Γομμόρρα",
"Γόμορρα"
],
"other_ids": []
},
{
"ID": "Ham_Gen.14.5",
"canonical": "Tel Ham",
"description": "Ham is mentioned briefly in the account of the war of the kings in Genesis 14. During this conflict, Chedorlaomer, the king of Elam, and his allied kings waged war against the kings of Sodom, Gomorrah, and other cities in the region. In the course of their campaign, Chedorlaomer and his allies defeated several groups, including the Rephaim in Ashteroth Karnaim, the Zuzim in Ham, and the Emim in Shaveh Kiriathaim (Genesis 14:5). The Zuzim, who were defeated in Ham, are not mentioned elsewhere in the Bible, and little is known about them. Ham's exact location is also uncertain, as it is not referenced in any other biblical passages or extra-biblical sources. Its mention in the context of the war of the kings suggests that it was a place of some significance during the time of Abraham, but no further details about its history, size, or role in the region are provided. The defeat of the Zuzim in Ham by Chedorlaomer and his allies highlights the power and influence of these foreign kings in the region during this period. ",
"coordinates": [
"31.338220",
"30.108086"
],
"bbox": "",
"urns": [
"pta0001.pta055.pta-grc1:l7"
],
"orig_name": [
"Χάμ"
],
"other_ids": []
},
{
"ID": "Kenath_Num.21.30",
"canonical": "Kenath",
"description": "Kenath was a city located in the region of Gilead, east of the Jordan River. During the time of Moses, the city was captured by Nobah, a descendant of Manasseh, who renamed it after himself (Numbers 32:42). The city was also known as Nophah (Numbers 21:30). In the time of Gideon, Kenath was mentioned as being near Jogbehah, where Gideon pursued and defeated the Midianite kings Zebah and Zalmunna (Judges 8:11). Later, according to 1 Chronicles 2:23, Geshur and Aram captured Kenath and its villages, totaling sixty towns. This suggests that the city and its surrounding area were of significant size and importance. The exact location of Kenath is uncertain, but it is believed to be in the modern-day Hauran region of Syria, possibly at the site of Qanawat, which preserves the ancient name.",
"coordinates": [
"36.616400",
"32.756919"
],
"bbox": "",
"urns": [
"pta0003.pta020.pta-grcBibex2:l1",
"pta0003.pta020.pta-grcBibex2:l2",
"pta0003.pta020.pta-grcBibex2:l3"
],
"orig_name": [
"Νοβὰν= t.r.",
"Νοβᾷ",
"Νοβὰν"
],
"other_ids": [
{
"WIKIDATA": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q763167"
},
{
"PLEIADES": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/678082"
}
]
},
{
"ID": "Kishon_Jdg.4.7",
"canonical": "Kishon",
"description": "The Kishon River is mentioned several times in the Bible, primarily in the context of military conflicts. It is located in northern Israel, near the city of Megiddo. In the time of Deborah and Barak, the Canaanite army led by Sisera was defeated near the Kishon River (Judges 4:7, 13; 5:21). The river is described as sweeping away the enemy forces. Later, during the reign of King Ahab, the prophet Elijah had the prophets of Baal slaughtered at the Kishon River after the contest on Mount Carmel (1 Kings 18:40). The river is also mentioned in a prayer for God's intervention against Israel's enemies (Psalm 83:9).",
"coordinates": [
"35.064096",
"32.761948"
],
"bbox": "",
"urns": [
"pta0001.pta008.pta-grc1:l4"
],
"orig_name": [
"Κισσῶν"
],
"other_ids": [
{
"WIKIDATA": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1743701"
},
{
"PLEIADES": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/678321"
}
]
},
{
"ID": "Mamre_Gen.13.18",
"canonical": "Mamre",
"description": "Mamre was a location near Hebron in Canaan, closely associated with the life of Abraham. It was at Mamre that Abraham pitched his tent and built an altar to the Lord (Genesis 13:18). Abraham's allies, Mamre, Eshcol, and Aner, lived in this area (Genesis 14:13, 24). The Lord appeared to Abraham at Mamre, accompanied by three men, and promised that Sarah would bear a son (Genesis 18:1-15). The cave of Machpelah, which Abraham purchased as a burial site for his family, was located in the field of Ephron the Hittite, near Mamre (Genesis 23:17-19; 25:9; 49:30; 50:13). Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob all lived at Mamre (Genesis 35:27).",
"coordinates": [
"35.09356062020027",
"31.54909871686872"
],
"bbox": "",
"urns": [
"pta0001.pta022.pta-grc1:l1"
],
"orig_name": [
"Μαμβρὴ"
],
"other_ids": [
{
"WIKIDATA": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2143048"
}
]
},
{
"ID": "Marah_Exo.15.23",
"canonical": "Marah",
"description": "Marah was a location on the route of the Israelites during their Exodus from Egypt. It was the first camp after crossing the Red Sea (Exodus 15:22-23; Numbers 33:8). The name Marah means \"bitter\" because the water there was undrinkable due to its bitterness. The Israelites grumbled against Moses, but the Lord showed him a tree which, when cast into the water, made it sweet (Exodus 15:24-25). God then tested the Israelites, promising to protect them from diseases if they obeyed His commands (Exodus 15:25-26). After Marah, the Israelites traveled to Elim, where there were twelve springs and seventy palm trees (Exodus 15:27; Numbers 33:9).",
"coordinates": [
"32.933333",
"29.350000"
],
"bbox": "",
"urns": [
"pta0001.pta012.pta-grc1:l4"
],
"orig_name": [
"Μερρᾶς"
],
"other_ids": [
{
"WIKIDATA": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2554928"
}
]
},
{
"ID": "Meroz_Jdg.5.23",
"canonical": "Meroz (near Mount Tabor)",
"description": "Meroz is a place mentioned only once in the Bible, in the Song of Deborah and Barak (Judges 5:23). The exact location of Meroz is unknown, but it was likely situated near the Kishon River, close to where the Israelites, led by Deborah and Barak, fought against the Canaanite army commanded by Sisera. In the song, the angel of the Lord pronounces a curse upon Meroz and its inhabitants for not coming to help in the battle against Sisera. The severity of the curse suggests that Meroz may have been in a position to provide significant assistance but chose not to do so. Some scholars propose identifying Meroz with el-Murussus, a village about 5 miles northwest of Beisan, on the slopes north of the Jezreel Valley, but this remains uncertain.",
"coordinates": [
"35.39091304299688",
"32.68695640243183"
],
"bbox": "",
"urns": [
"pta0001.pta050.pta-grc1:l3"
],
"orig_name": [
"Μαζώρ"
],
"other_ids": [
{
"WIKIDATA": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4894801"
}
]
},
{
"ID": "Persia_2Ch.36.20",
"canonical": "Persia",
"description": "Persia, also known as the Achaemenid Empire, was a major world power that ruled over a vast territory from the 6th to the 4th centuries BC. In the Bible, Persia is mentioned in the context of the Jewish exile and the subsequent return to Jerusalem. The Babylonian Empire, which had destroyed Jerusalem and taken the Jews into captivity, fell to the Persians under Cyrus the Great (2 Chr. 36:20, 22-23; Ezra 1:1-2). Cyrus issued a decree allowing the exiled Jews to return to their homeland and rebuild the temple in Jerusalem (Ezra 1:1-4). The Persian kings Darius I and Artaxerxes I also played significant roles in supporting the rebuilding efforts (Ezra 4:24; 6:14). ¶The book of Esther is set in the Persian capital of Susa during the reign of Ahasuerus (Xerxes I), and it describes how Esther, a Jewish woman, became queen and saved her people from a plot to destroy them (Esther 1:3, 14, 18; 10:2). The prophets Ezekiel and Daniel also mention Persia in their visions and prophecies (Ezek. 27:10; 38:5; Dan. 8:20; 10:1, 13, 20; 11:2). Persia is portrayed as a powerful empire that God used to fulfill His purposes for His people, even though the Persians themselves were not followers of the God of Israel.",
"coordinates": [
"48.514966",
"34.798311"
],
"bbox": "",
"urns": [
"pta0001.pta042.pta-grc1:l31"
],
"orig_name": [
"Περσίαν"
],
"other_ids": [
{
"WIKIDATA": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q389688"
}
]
},
{
"ID": "Pishon_Gen.2.11",
"canonical": "Near Eden",
"description": "Pishon is one of the four rivers mentioned in the biblical account of the Garden of Eden (Gen. 2:11). The Bible describes a single river flowing out of Eden to water the garden, which then divided into four rivers, with Pishon being the first. Pishon is said to wind through the entire land of Havilah, a region known for its abundance of gold, bdellium (a fragrant resin), and onyx stone (Gen. 2:11-12). The name \"Pishon\" is thought to derive from the Hebrew root \"puwsh,\" meaning \"to scatter, spread, or spring forward,\" possibly indicating that the river originated from a spring and formed a delta. Despite attempts to identify Pishon with various modern-day rivers, such as the Nile, Indus, or Ganges, its exact location remains unknown, as the geography described in the Eden account is difficult to reconcile with the current landscape. Some scholars suggest that the Pishon and the other rivers of Eden may have symbolic or allegorical significance, representing the life-giving power and abundance that flowed from God's presence in the garden.",
"coordinates": [
"",
""
],
"bbox": "",
"urns": [
"pta0001.pta061.pta-grc1:l10",
"pta0001.pta061.pta-grc1:l12"
],
"orig_name": [
"Φεισών",
"Φεισών"
],
"other_ids": []
},
{
"ID": "Salt_Valley_2Sa.8.13",
"canonical": "Valley of Salt",
"description": "The Salt Valley, also known as the Valley of Salt, is a location mentioned in the Bible where David and his commanders achieved significant military victories. In 2 Samuel 8:13 and 1 Chronicles 18:12, it is recorded that David's commander Abishai defeated 18,000 Edomites in the Salt Valley. Later, in 2 Kings 14:7 and 2 Chronicles 25:11, King Amaziah of Judah is said to have killed 10,000 Edomites in the Valley of Salt. The exact location of the Salt Valley is uncertain, but it was likely situated near the Dead Sea, possibly in the Arabah region south of the Dead Sea. The valley's name suggests an area with high salt content, which is characteristic of the Dead Sea region. Psalm 60, which is attributed to David, also mentions the Salt Valley in the context of military victories (Psa. 60:1). These biblical accounts highlight the Salt Valley as a place of significant military confrontations between Israel and its neighbors, particularly the Edomites.",
"coordinates": [
"35.383740",
"31.087328"
],
"bbox": "",
"urns": [
"pta0003.pta020.pta-grcBibex2:l7"
],
"orig_name": [
"Φάραγγα τῶν ἁλῶν"
],
"other_ids": [
{
"WIKIDATA": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7912337"
}
]
},
{
"ID": "Shelah_Neh.2.14",
"canonical": "Siloam (in Jerusalem)",
"description": "Shelah, also known as Shiloah, the King's Pool, or Siloam, was a pool located in the southeastern part of Jerusalem, near the City of David. It was fed by the waters of the Gihon Spring, which were diverted through Hezekiah's Tunnel, a remarkable engineering feat of the 8th century BC (2 Chr. 32:30; Isa. 22:11). ¶The pool is mentioned in various contexts throughout the Bible. In the time of Nehemiah, the wall of Jerusalem was repaired near the Pool of Shelah (Neh. 3:15), and Nehemiah himself inspected the walls by the King's Pool (Neh. 2:14). The prophet Isaiah used the gently flowing waters of Shiloah as a metaphor for the calm and trust in God, in contrast to the mighty waters of the Euphrates, symbolizing the Assyrian threat (Isa. 8:6). ¶In the New Testament, Jesus healed a man born blind by sending him to wash in the Pool of Siloam (John 9:7, 11). This miracle not only demonstrated Jesus' power but also served as a spiritual lesson about faith and the true identity of the Messiah. The Gospel of Luke also records an incident where eighteen people were killed when the tower of Siloam fell on them (Luke 13:4), using this event to teach about the need for repentance. ¶The Pool of Siloam has been identified with the archaeological site known as the Siloam Pool, which was discovered in 2004. Excavations have revealed a large pool from the Second Temple period, consistent with the biblical descriptions and historical accounts of the site.",
"coordinates": [
"35.234935",
"31.777444"
],
"bbox": "",
"urns": [
"pta0001.pta035.pta-grcBibex:l1",
"pta0001.pta035.pta-grcBibex:l2",
"pta0001.pta037.pta-grc1:l11",
"pta0001.pta050.pta-grc1:l4",
"pta0001.pta050.pta-grc1:l5",
"pta0001.pta050.pta-grc1:l6"
],
"orig_name": [
"Σιλωάμ",
"Σιλωὰμ",
"Σιλωὰμ",
"Σιλωάμ",
"Σιλωάμ",
"Σιλωὰμ"
],
"other_ids": []
},
{
"ID": "Sinai_Wilderness_Exo.19.1",
"canonical": "",
"description": "The Sinai Wilderness, also known as the Wilderness of Sinai, was the desert region in the Sinai Peninsula where the Israelites camped after leaving Egypt (Exodus 19:1-2). It was in this wilderness, at Mount Sinai, that God gave Moses the Ten Commandments and established His covenant with Israel (Leviticus 7:38, Numbers 3:4). The Israelites set up the Tabernacle in the Sinai Wilderness (Numbers 1:1,19; 9:1,5). They took a census of the people there (Numbers 1:19, 26:64). The Sinai Wilderness was one of the early stops on Israel's journey from Egypt to the Promised Land (Numbers 10:12, 33:15-16). The wilderness provided a place of testing and preparation for the nation before they entered Canaan. The Sinai Wilderness is synonymous with the region surrounding Mount Sinai, the place of God's revelation to Moses and Israel.",
"coordinates": [
"",
""
],
"bbox": "",
"urns": [
"pta0001.pta042.pta-grc1:l11"
],
"orig_name": [
"Σινᾷ"
],
"other_ids": []
},
{
"ID": "Sodom_Gen.10.19",
"canonical": "Sodom",
"description": "Sodom was an ancient city located in the plain of Jordan, known for its great wickedness (Gen. 13:13). It was one of the five \"cities of the plain\" (Gen. 14:2) and was closely associated with Gomorrah. God determined to destroy Sodom and Gomorrah due to their grave sins (Gen. 18:20), but Abraham pleaded with God to spare the city if even ten righteous people could be found (Gen. 18:22-33). However, not even ten were found, and God rained down burning sulfur on Sodom and Gomorrah, completely destroying them (Gen. 19:24-25). Lot and his daughters were the only survivors, as they were warned by angels to flee (Gen. 19:15-16). Sodom became a byword for wickedness and divine judgment (Deut. 29:23; Isa. 1:9-10; Jer. 23:14; Ezek. 16:46-56; Matt. 10:15; 11:23-24; Luke 17:29; Rom. 9:29; 2 Pet. 2:6; Jude 1:7; Rev. 11:8).",
"coordinates": [
"35.39648411813492",
"31.19656033132318"
],
"bbox": "",
"urns": [
"pta0001.pta007.pta-grc1:l9",
"pta0001.pta007.pta-grc1:l20",
"pta0001.pta007.pta-grc1:l21",
"pta0001.pta031.pta-grc1:l2",
"pta0001.pta042.pta-grc1:l2",
"pta0001.pta042.pta-grc1:l3",
"pta0001.pta042.pta-grc1:l4",
"pta0001.pta042.pta-grc1:l6",
"pta0001.pta042.pta-grc1:l8",
"pta0001.pta049.pta-grc1:l4",
"pta0001.pta060.pta-grc1:l4",
"pta0001.pta060.pta-grc1:l5",
"pta0001.pta060.pta-grc1:l6",
"pta0001.pta060.pta-grc1:l7",
"pta0001.pta060.pta-grc1:l10",
"pta0001.pta060.pta-grc1:l12"
],
"orig_name": [
"Σοδόμων",
"Σοδόμοις",
"Σοδόμων",
"Σόδομα",
"Σόδομα",
"Σόδομα",
"Σόδομα",
"Σόδομα",
"Σόδομα",
"Σοδόμοις",
"Σόδομα",
"Σόδομα",
"Σόδομα",
"Σόδομα",
"Σόδομα",
"Σόδομα"
],
"other_ids": []
},
{
"ID": "Uz_Job.1.1",
"canonical": "Uz",
"description": "Uz is a region mentioned in the Bible, most prominently as the homeland of Job, the righteous man whose faith was tested through great suffering (Job 1:1). The exact location of Uz is uncertain, but it is believed to be situated east of the land of Israel and Edom, possibly in northern Arabia or southern Jordan. Job's story describes Uz as a place near the desert (Job 1:19) but also fertile for farming and raising livestock (Job 1:3, 14; 42:12). The people of Uz are referred to as \"the people of the East\" (Job 1:3), and the land was vulnerable to Chaldean raiding parties (Job 1:17). Uz is also mentioned in Jeremiah 25:20 among the nations that will drink the cup of God's wrath, and in Lamentations 4:21, where Edom is addressed as dwelling in the land of Uz. Some scholars propose that Uz may be a fictional place serving the story of Job rather than a physical land, with the name \"Uz\" in Hebrew meaning \"counsel\" or \"advice.\"",
"coordinates": [
"36.44839",
"30.0334"
],
"bbox": "",
"urns": [
"pta0001.pta045.pta-grc1:l2",
"pta0001.pta045.pta-grc1:l3",
"pta0001.pta046.pta-grc1:l1",
"pta0001.pta046.pta-grc1:l2",
"pta0001.pta046.pta-grc1:l3",
"pta0001.pta046.pta-grc1:l4",
"pta0001.pta046.pta-grc1:l5",
"pta0001.pta047.pta-grc1:l1"
],
"orig_name": [
"Αὐσίτιδι",
"Αὐσίτιδι",
"Αὐσίτιδι",
"Αὐσίτιδι",
"Αὐσίτιδος",
"Αὐσῖτις",
"Αὐσίτιδι",
"Αὐσίτιδος"
],
"other_ids": [
{
"WIKIDATA": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1967878"
}
]
},
{
"ID": "Zoar_Gen.13.10",
"canonical": "Zoar",
"description": "Zoar, also known as Bela, was one of the five cities of the plain, along with Sodom and Gomorrah (Gen.14:2,8). It was originally called Bela but was renamed Zoar, which means \"small,\" when Lot pleaded for it to be spared from destruction due to its small size (Gen.19:20-22). Lot and his daughters fled to Zoar when God destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah (Gen.19:23). Later, Lot left Zoar and settled in the mountains with his daughters (Gen.19:30). Zoar is mentioned as a reference point for the description of the Promised Land (Deut.34:3). The prophets Isaiah and Jeremiah used Zoar to illustrate the extent of God's judgment on Moab (Isa.15:5; Jer.48:34). Zoar is most likely located at the southern end of the Dead Sea, although its exact location is uncertain. It is possibly to be identified with Khirbet el-Keryeh or Tell Iktanu. The name Zair is used in reference to a different location, where Joram fought against Edom (2Ki.8:21).",
"coordinates": [
"35.4190606947832",
"30.9265225301655"
],
"bbox": "",
"urns": [
"pta0001.pta059.pta-grc1:l2"
],
"orig_name": [
"Σηγώρ"
],
"other_ids": []
},
{
"ID": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1001133",
"canonical": "Illyrikon",
"description": "An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 102 C3 Illyrikon",
"coordinates": [
17.5,
42.5
],
"bbox": [
15.0,
40.0,
20.0,
45.0
],
"urns": [
"pta0003.pta020.pta-grcBibex3:l84",
"pta0003.pta020.pta-grcBibex3:l262"
],
"orig_name": [
"Ἰλλυρικοῦ",
"Ἰλλυρικοῦ"
],
"other_ids": []
},
{
"ID": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1001896",
"canonical": "Hellas",
"description": "An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 102 D4 no. 10 (Hellas)",
"coordinates": [
22.5,
37.5
],
"bbox": [
20.0,
35.0,
25.0,
40.0
],
"urns": [
"pta0001.pta037.pta-grc1:l26",
"pta0001.pta037.pta-grc1:l28",
"pta0003.pta020.pta-grcBibex3:l82",
"pta0022.pta014.pta-grc1:l11",
"pta0022.pta016.pta-grc1:l16",
"pta0037.pta001.pta-grc1:l124"
],
"orig_name": [
"Ἑλλάδα",
"Ἑλλάδος",
"Ἑλλάδα",
"Ἑλλάδα",
"Ἑλλάδος",
"Ἑλλάδα"
],
"other_ids": [
{
"WIKIDATA": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q41"
}
]
},
{
"ID": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1001940",
"canonical": "Palaestina II (late Roman province)",
"description": "The late Roman province of Palaestina Secunda, established during the 4th century, comprised the region of northern Palestine, including Galilee and the southern Golan Plateau. Its capital was Skythopolis. ",
"coordinates": [
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],
"bbox": [
35.0,
30.0,
40.0,
35.0
],
"urns": [
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],
"orig_name": [
"Παλαιστίνης"
],
"other_ids": []
},
{
"ID": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1001943",
"canonical": "Aigyptos",
"description": "An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 102 F5 no. 57 (Aigyptos)",
"coordinates": [
32.5,
32.5
],
"bbox": [
30.0,
30.0,
35.0,
35.0
],
"urns": [
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"pta0001.pta026.pta-grc1:l3",
"pta0001.pta026.pta-grcBibex:l2",
"pta0001.pta026.pta-grcBibex:l3",
"pta0001.pta034.pta-grc1:l2",
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"pta0003.pta009.pta-grc1:l3",
"pta0003.pta009.pta-grc1:l4"
],
"orig_name": [
"Αἰγύπτῳ",
"Αἰγύπτου",
"Αἰγύπτου",
"Αἰγύπτῳ",
"Αἴγυπτος",
"Αἰγύπτῳ",
"Αἴγυπτον",
"Αἰγύπτου",
"Αἴγυπτον",
"Αἴγυπτος",
"Αἰγύπτῳ",
"Αἴγυπτος",
"αἰγύπτῳ",
"Αἴγυπτον",
"Αἴγυπτον",
"Αἰγύπτου",
"Αἰγύπτου",
"Αἰγύπτου",
"Αἰγύπτου"
],
"other_ids": []
},
{
"ID": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1001948",
"canonical": "Thebais Ano",
"description": "An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 102 F6 no. 62 (Thebais Ano)",
"coordinates": [
32.5,
27.5
],
"bbox": [
30.0,
25.0,
35.0,
30.0
],
"urns": [
"pta0022.pta013.pta-grc1:l5"
],
"orig_name": [
"ἄνω Θηβαΐδι"
],
"other_ids": []
},
{
"ID": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1001950",
"canonical": "Libye he Kato",
"description": "An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 102 E5 no. 64 (Libye he Kato)",
"coordinates": [
27.5,
32.5
],
"bbox": [
25.0,
30.0,
30.0,
35.0
],
"urns": [
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"pta0022.pta015.pta-grc1:l43"
],
"orig_name": [
"Λιβύαις",
"Λιβύης",
"τῆς ἔγγιστα Λιβύης",
"τῆς ἔγγιστα Λιβύης"
],
"other_ids": []
},
{
"ID": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1027",
"canonical": "Hispania",
"description": "An ancient region corresponding to the Iberian peninsula and so roughly to the territories of the modern countries of Spain and Portugal.",
"coordinates": [
-7.5,
42.5
],
"bbox": [
-10.0,
40.0,
-5.0,
45.0
],
"urns": [
"pta0022.pta013.pta-grc1:l4",
"pta0022.pta016.pta-grc1:l8"
],
"orig_name": [
"Σπανίας",
"Σπανίαν"
],
"other_ids": []
},
{
"ID": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1052",
"canonical": "Italia",
"description": "The Italian peninsula extending northward to the Alps as recognized by the Romans.",
"coordinates": [
11.0949512,
43.6941505
],
"bbox": [
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],
"urns": [
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"pta0022.pta015.pta-grc1:l3",
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],
"orig_name": [
"Ἰταλίαν",
"Ἰταλίας",
"Ἰταλίᾳ",
"Ἰταλίας",
"Ἰταλίας"
],
"other_ids": [
{
"WIKIDATA": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q913582"
}
]
},
{
"ID": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/108894",
"canonical": "Col. Augusta Treverorum",
"description": "The chief ancient city (civitas) of the Treveri. Modern Trier in Germany.",
"coordinates": [
6.64163827338633,
49.75232117245539
],
"bbox": [
6.626667,
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6.649944,
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],
"urns": [
"pta0022.pta010.pta-grc1:l8",
"pta0022.pta010.pta-grc1:l27"
],
"orig_name": [
"Τριβέρεως",
"Τριβέροις"
],
"other_ids": [
{
"WIKIDATA": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q103198266"
}
]
},
{
"ID": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1224",
"canonical": "Pontus Euxinus",
"description": "The Black Sea.",
"coordinates": [
34.7425505,
43.0786852
],
"bbox": [
34.7425505,
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34.7425505,
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],
"urns": [
"pta0004.pta001.pta-grcBibex:l82"
],
"orig_name": [
"εὔξεινος \t\t\t\tδὲ πόντος"
],
"other_ids": [
{
"WIKIDATA": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q166"
}
]
},
{
"ID": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/1306",
"canonical": "Syria",
"description": "An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 1 K3 Syria",
"coordinates": [
37.5,
37.5
],
"bbox": [
35.0,
35.0,
40.0,
40.0
],
"urns": [
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"pta0022.pta015.pta-grc1:l57"
],
"orig_name": [
"Συρίαν",
"Συρίαν",
"Συρίαν",
"Συρίας"
],
"other_ids": [
{
"WIKIDATA": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q13415123"
}
]
},
{
"ID": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/156668177",
"canonical": "Bethania",
"description": "A village located near Jerusalem, at the Mount of Olives.",
"coordinates": [
35.259589,
31.7731513
],
"bbox": [
35.259589,
31.7731513,
35.259589,
31.7731513
],
"urns": [
"pta0001.pta003.pta-grc1:l28",
"pta0001.pta003.pta-grc1:l30"
],
"orig_name": [
"Βηθανίαν",
"Βηθανίας"
],
"other_ids": [
{
"WIKIDATA": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q831190"
}
]
},
{
"ID": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/187290",
"canonical": "Aquileia",
"description": "An ancient Roman city initially founded ca. 181/180 B.C., Aquileia is especially important in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.",
"coordinates": [
13.370946,
45.769631
],
"bbox": [
13.370946,
45.769631,
13.370946,
45.769631
],
"urns": [
"pta0022.pta010.pta-grc1:l2",
"pta0022.pta010.pta-grc1:l3",
"pta0022.pta010.pta-grc1:l18",
"pta0022.pta010.pta-grc1:l28",
"pta0022.pta010.pta-grc1:l29",
"pta0022.pta010.pta-grc1:l41"
],
"orig_name": [
"Ἀκυληίᾳ",
"Ἀκυληίας",
"Ἀκυληίᾳ",
"Ἀκυληΐᾳ",
"Ἀκυληΐᾳ",
"Ἀκυληίας"
],
"other_ids": [
{
"WIKIDATA": "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q103142130"
}
]
},
{
"ID": "https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/197446",
"canonical": "Poetovio",