Add support for better API debugging; start v1.5.0 development

In prepration for #305, this adds a mechanism to inspect all API requsts and
responses handled by the client. That way if you want to figure out why
something isn't working as expected, or you'd like to make use of an
undocumented field/feature, you have access to the response and can use it.

This also adds a `Do()` method, with the same signature as `*http.Client.Do()`,
that allows consumrs to generate their own request, have the client add
authentication details and other headers, before sending the request to the
PagerDuty API. This allows consumers to further debug and make use of features
not yet supported in the REST client.

Also, updates Version string to v1.5.0 as this is work towards that release.

Lastly, this updates some of the test files to remove some deduplication across
them. These changes were needed due to the new fields added to the struct that
had to be initialized to make HTTP requests.

README.md

@@ -42,9 +42,22 @@ An example of the `service` sub-command
 pd service list
 ```
 
-
 ### Client Library
 
+#### NOTICE: Breaking API Changes in master branch
+
+As part of the upcoming `v1.5.0` release, we will be fixing features that have
+never worked correctly and require a breaking API change to fix. One example is
+the issue reported in [\#232](https://github.com/PagerDuty/go-pagerduty/issues/232),
+as well as a handful of other examples within the
+[v1.5.0 milestone](https://github.com/PagerDuty/go-pagerduty/milestone/2).
+
+As a result, the `master` branch now contains breaking changes since the last
+`v1.4.x` release. We will clearly highlight the breaking changes in the `v1.5.0`
+release notes when it's ready.
+
+#### Example Usage
+
 ```go
 package main
 
@@ -113,6 +126,53 @@ func main() {
 }
 ```
 
+#### Extending and Debugging Client
+
+##### Extending The Client
+
+The `*pagerduty.Client` has a `Do` method which allows consumers to wrap the
+client, and make their own requests to the PagerDuty API. The method signature
+is similar to that of the `http.Client.Do` method, except it also includes a
+`bool` to incidate whether the API endpoint is authenticated (i.e., the REST
+API). When the API is authenticated, the client will annotate the request with
+the appropriate headers to be authenticated by the API.
+
+If PagerDuty the client doesn't natively expose functionality that you wish to
+use, such as undocumented JSON fields, you can use the `Do()` method to issue
+your own request that you can parse the response of.
+
+Likewise, you can use it to issue requests to the API for the purposes of
+debugging. However, that's not the only mechanism for debugging.
+
+##### Debugging the Client
+
+The `*pagerduty.Client` has a method that allows consumers to enable debug
+functionality, including interception of PagerDuty API responses. This is done
+by using the `SetDebugFlag()` method using the `pagerduty.DebugFlag` unsigned
+integer type. There are also exported constants to help consumers enable
+specific debug behaviors.
+
+###### Capturing Last PagerDuty Response
+
+If you're not getting the response you expect from the PagerDuty Go client, you
+can enable the `DebugCaptureLastResponse` debug flag to capture the HTTP
+responses. You can then use one of the methods to make an API call, and then
+inspect the API response received. For example:
+
+```Go
+client := pagerduty.NewClient("exmaple")
+
+client.SetDebugFlag(pagerduty.DebugCaptureLastResponse)
+
+oncalls, err := client.ListOnCallsWithContext(ctx, pagerduty.ListOnCallOptions{})
+
+resp, ok := client.LastAPIReponse()
+if ok { // resp is an *http.Response we can inspect
+	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+    // ...
+}
+```
+
 ## Contributing
 
 1. Fork it ( https://github.com/PagerDuty/go-pagerduty/fork )

ability_test.go

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ func TestAbility_ListAbilities(t *testing.T) {
 		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"abilities": ["sso"]}`))
 	})
 
-	client := &Client{apiEndpoint: server.URL, authToken: "foo", HTTPClient: defaultHTTPClient}
+	client := defaultTestClient(server.URL, "foo")
 	want := &ListAbilityResponse{Abilities: []string{"sso"}}
 
 	res, err := client.ListAbilities()
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ func TestAbility_ListAbilitiesFailure(t *testing.T) {
 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusForbidden)
 	})
 
-	client := &Client{apiEndpoint: server.URL, authToken: "foo", HTTPClient: defaultHTTPClient}
+	client := defaultTestClient(server.URL, "foo")
 
 	if _, err := client.ListAbilities(); err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected error; got nil")
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ func TestAbility_TestAbility(t *testing.T) {
 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
 	})
 
-	client := &Client{apiEndpoint: server.URL, authToken: "foo", HTTPClient: defaultHTTPClient}
+	client := defaultTestClient(server.URL, "foo")
 
 	if err := client.TestAbility("sso"); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ func TestAbility_TestAbilityFailure(t *testing.T) {
 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusForbidden)
 	})
 
-	client := &Client{apiEndpoint: server.URL, authToken: "foo", HTTPClient: defaultHTTPClient}
+	client := defaultTestClient(server.URL, "foo")
 
 	if err := client.TestAbility("sso"); err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected error; got nil")

addon_test.go

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ func TestAddon_List(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 	listObj := APIListObject{Limit: 0, Offset: 0, More: false, Total: 0}
 	var opts ListAddonOptions
-	client := &Client{apiEndpoint: server.URL, authToken: "foo", HTTPClient: defaultHTTPClient}
+	client := defaultTestClient(server.URL, "foo")
 
 	res, err := client.ListAddons(opts)
 	want := &ListAddonResponse{
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ func TestAddon_Install(t *testing.T) {
 		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"addon": {"name": "Internal Status Page", "id": "1"}}`))
 	})
 
-	client := &Client{apiEndpoint: server.URL, authToken: "foo", HTTPClient: defaultHTTPClient}
+	client := defaultTestClient(server.URL, "foo")
 
 	res, err := client.InstallAddon(input)
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ func TestAddon_Get(t *testing.T) {
 		testMethod(t, r, "GET")
 		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"addon": {"id": "1"}}`))
 	})
-	client := &Client{apiEndpoint: server.URL, authToken: "foo", HTTPClient: defaultHTTPClient}
+	client := defaultTestClient(server.URL, "foo")
 
 	res, err := client.GetAddon("1")
 
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ func TestAddon_Update(t *testing.T) {
 		testMethod(t, r, "PUT")
 		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"addon": {"name": "Internal Status Page", "id": "1"}}`))
 	})
-	client := &Client{apiEndpoint: server.URL, authToken: "foo", HTTPClient: defaultHTTPClient}
+	client := defaultTestClient(server.URL, "foo")
 
 	input := Addon{
 		Name: "Internal Status Page",
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ func TestAddon_Delete(t *testing.T) {
 		testMethod(t, r, "DELETE")
 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
 	})
-	client := &Client{apiEndpoint: server.URL, authToken: "foo", HTTPClient: defaultHTTPClient}
+	client := defaultTestClient(server.URL, "foo")
 	err := client.DeleteAddon("1")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)

analytics_test.go

@@ -37,11 +37,7 @@ func TestAnalytics_GetAggregatedIncidentData(t *testing.T) {
 		_, _ = w.Write(bytesAnalyticsResponse)
 	})
 
-	client := &Client{
-		apiEndpoint: server.URL,
-		authToken:   "foo",
-		HTTPClient:  defaultHTTPClient,
-	}
+	client := defaultTestClient(server.URL, "foo")
 
 	res, err := client.GetAggregatedIncidentData(context.Background(), analyticsRequest)
 	want := AnalyticsResponse{
@@ -85,11 +81,7 @@ func TestAnalytics_GetAggregatedServiceData(t *testing.T) {
 		_, _ = w.Write(bytesAnalyticsResponse)
 	})
 
-	client := &Client{
-		apiEndpoint: server.URL,
-		authToken:   "foo",
-		HTTPClient:  defaultHTTPClient,
-	}
+	client := defaultTestClient(server.URL, "foo")
 
 	res, err := client.GetAggregatedServiceData(context.Background(), analyticsRequest)
 	want := AnalyticsResponse{
@@ -133,11 +125,7 @@ func TestAnalytics_GetAggregatedTeamData(t *testing.T) {
 		_, _ = w.Write(bytesAnalyticsResponse)
 	})
 
-	client := &Client{
-		apiEndpoint: server.URL,
-		authToken:   "foo",
-		HTTPClient:  defaultHTTPClient,
-	}
+	client := defaultTestClient(server.URL, "foo")
 
 	res, err := client.GetAggregatedTeamData(context.Background(), analyticsRequest)
 	want := AnalyticsResponse{

business_service_test.go

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ func TestBusinessService_List(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	listObj := APIListObject{Limit: 0, Offset: 0, More: false, Total: 0}
-	client := &Client{apiEndpoint: server.URL, authToken: "foo", HTTPClient: defaultHTTPClient}
+	client := defaultTestClient(server.URL, "foo")
 	opts := ListBusinessServiceOptions{
 		APIListObject: listObj,
 	}
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ func TestBusinessService_Create(t *testing.T) {
 		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"business_service": {"id": "1", "name": "foo"}}`))
 	})
 
-	client := &Client{apiEndpoint: server.URL, authToken: "foo", HTTPClient: defaultHTTPClient}
+	client := defaultTestClient(server.URL, "foo")
 	input := &BusinessService{
 		Name: "foo",
 	}
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ func TestBusinessService_Get(t *testing.T) {
 		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"business_service": {"id": "1", "name":"foo"}}`))
 	})
 
-	client := &Client{apiEndpoint: server.URL, authToken: "foo", HTTPClient: defaultHTTPClient}
+	client := defaultTestClient(server.URL, "foo")
 	ruleSetID := "1"
 
 	res, _, err := client.GetBusinessService(ruleSetID)
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ func TestBusinessService_Update(t *testing.T) {
 		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"business_service": {"id": "1", "name":"foo"}}`))
 	})
 
-	client := &Client{apiEndpoint: server.URL, authToken: "foo", HTTPClient: defaultHTTPClient}
+	client := defaultTestClient(server.URL, "foo")
 	input := &BusinessService{
 		ID:   "1",
 		Name: "foo",
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ func TestBusinessService_Delete(t *testing.T) {
 		testMethod(t, r, "DELETE")
 	})
 
-	client := &Client{apiEndpoint: server.URL, authToken: "foo", HTTPClient: defaultHTTPClient}
+	client := defaultTestClient(server.URL, "foo")
 	ID := "1"
 	err := client.DeleteBusinessService(ID)
 	if err != nil {

change_events_test.go

@@ -26,12 +26,7 @@ func TestChangeEvent_Create(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	)
 
-	client := &Client{
-		v2EventsAPIEndpoint: server.URL,
-		apiEndpoint:         server.URL,
-		authToken:           "foo",
-		HTTPClient:          defaultHTTPClient,
-	}
+	client := defaultTestClient(server.URL, "foo")
 
 	want := ChangeEventResponse{
 		Status:  "success",
@@ -81,12 +76,7 @@ func TestChangeEvent_CreateWithPayloadVerification(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	)
 
-	client := &Client{
-		v2EventsAPIEndpoint: server.URL,
-		apiEndpoint:         server.URL,
-		authToken:           "foo",
-		HTTPClient:          defaultHTTPClient,
-	}
+	client := defaultTestClient(server.URL, "foo")
 
 	eventDetails := map[string]interface{}{"DetailKey1": "DetailValue1", "DetailKey2": "DetailValue2"}
 	ce := ChangeEvent{