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Moving towards multi-sensor-per-same-measurement fusion #652

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@kamilritz kamilritz commented Oct 8, 2019

The current EKF was designed to fuse velocity and position measurement in an efficient way. The current implementation does this by selecting a sensor source for each measurement and performing a measurement update containing measurement from different sensors.
Fusing the same measurement from different sources, e.g. GPS velocity and EV velocity, is also possible. The issue is that this happens through the same global _vel_pos_innov variable. Which can potentially be used for multiple sensors in the same loop. In general, the whole EKF interface is not designed to support logging of the same measurement from different sensors.

This PR tries to solve this issue by adapting the fuseVelPoseHeight() function. The function interface is changed, such that it takes multiple arguments and runs with a generic velPosHeight sensor. Therefore the computation of the height innovation is moved outside to the controlHeightFusion() function.
The controlGPSFusion(), controlExternalVisionFusion(), controlHeightFusion(), controlAuxFusion() and the new controlFakePosFusion() functions are all passing the innovation/-variances/-gates, observation-variances and a new fusion_mask as an argument in the function call to fuseVelPoseHeight().

The necessary changes on the Firmware side are laid out here.

These changes were test flown with different velPos and height sources. The test flight is based on flying a square followed by a yaw spin. The flight performance was in all cases as expected. The logs of the test flights can be found here:

@priseborough I would appreciate if you could have a look at this and give me rough feedback. So that I can move in the right direction.

// return the vertical position innovation test ratio
*hgt = sqrtf(_vel_pos_test_ratio[5]);
*hgt = sqrtf(_gps_vel_pos_test_ratio[5])+sqrtf(_ev_vel_pos_test_ratio[5]);
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I think we should return the maximum.

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I am still not sure what would be the appropriate solution. Can you give me some reasoning why we should use the maximum?

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This is resolved in the newest version.

/**
* Update the EKF state with velocity and position measurements.
*
* @param innov Input/Output Innovation which is fuse_mask is set to false or do not pass
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Can you please reword the description for this. I have read it a few times and am not sure what it means.

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You are totally right, this sentence does not make any sense. Thanks for noticing.

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I think this line was part of an outdated version. Please have a look at the newest version.

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I seem to break the python tests. But I do not manage to build ECL locally as a standalone. So I can not run and check the python tests. Any advise here? @priseborough

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@priseborough I also make the get__innov interface to EKF cleaner.

@kamilritz kamilritz marked this pull request as ready for review October 14, 2019 13:19
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Good work, I didn't review the logic in detail but added a few comments

EKF/control.cpp Outdated
if (_control_status.flags.ev_hgt) {
_fuse_height = true;
}
bool ev_fuse_mask[4]{false};
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Suggested change
bool ev_fuse_mask[4]{false};
bool ev_fuse_mask[4]{};

It's the same in that specific case, but be aware that bool ev_fuse_mask[4]{true}; would initialize to {true, false, false, false}

EKF/control.cpp Outdated

// determine if we should use the horizontal position observations
if (_control_status.flags.ev_pos) {
_fuse_pos = true;
ev_fuse_mask[2] = true;
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would be nice to have an enum class for those indexes. It's really hard to follow if you don't remember the indexes by heart

EKF/control.cpp Outdated
_fuse_vert_vel = true;
_fuse_hor_vel = true;

bool gps_fuse_mask[4]{false};
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Suggested change
bool gps_fuse_mask[4]{false};
bool gps_fuse_mask[4]{};

EKF/control.cpp Outdated
@@ -1009,8 +998,14 @@ void Ekf::controlHeightSensorTimeouts()

void Ekf::controlHeightFusion()
{
// set control flags for the desired primary height source
bool height_fuse_mask[4]{false};
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Suggested change
bool height_fuse_mask[4]{false};
bool height_fuse_mask[4]{};

EKF/control.cpp Outdated
}

if (height_fuse_mask[3]) {
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Do you really want to add 63 lines to a function that is already way too long? :'(

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@bresch No, I do not want to. I am not very happy how the height fusion is implemented at the moment and I will try to work on this next. If you want I can split it into two separate functions for now?

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ def initialized_ekf():
dt_usec = 5000

# Provide a few samples
for _ in range(1000):
for _ in range(2000):
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why? Does it take more time to converge?

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@bresch Apparently. I can not see a clear reason why it should take longer to get the tilt aligned. But with out increasing the number of samples, it does not pass the test.

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The problem is that we need to know why. Maybe it worked before but shouldn't pass, maybe something broke now...

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This points to a change in behavior, in what should be a zero-behavior-change refactor. This should be investigated, maybe it was fixed due to a bug before, but I think due to it taking longer to diverge there is more likely a bug now.

zeroCols(P, i, i);
// update individual measurement health status
if (obs_index == 0) {
_fault_status.flags.bad_vel_N = true;
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you can write a function that does the change depending on the index plus two small functions set and clear to avoid having to pass the boolean:

void Ekf::setFaultStatusFlag(const int index)
{
	changeFaultStatusFlag(index, true);
}

void Ekf::clearFaultStatusFlag(const int index)
{
	changeFaultStatusFlag(index, false);
}

void Ekf::changeFaultStatusFlag(const int index, const bool status)
{
	if (index == 0) {
		_fault_status.flags.bad_vel_N = status;

	} else if (index == 1) {
		_fault_status.flags.bad_vel_E = status;

	} else if (index == 2) {
		_fault_status.flags.bad_vel_D = status;

	} else if (index == 3) {
		_fault_status.flags.bad_pos_N = status;

	} else if (index == 4) {
		_fault_status.flags.bad_pos_E = status;

	} else if (index == 5) {
		_fault_status.flags.bad_pos_D = status;
	}
}

Then you can simplify the whole for loop with :

		for (int i = 0; i < _k_num_states; i++) {
			if (P[i][i] < KHP[i][i]) {
				// zero rows and columns
				zeroRows(P, i, i);
				zeroCols(P, i, i);

				healthy = false;

				setFaultStatusFlag(obs_index);

			} else {
				clearFaultStatusFlag(obs_index);
			}
		}

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That is nice!

@@ -1217,8 +1363,8 @@ void Ekf::get_ekf_soln_status(uint16_t *status)
soln_status.flags.const_pos_mode = !soln_status.flags.velocity_horiz;
soln_status.flags.pred_pos_horiz_rel = soln_status.flags.pos_horiz_rel;
soln_status.flags.pred_pos_horiz_abs = soln_status.flags.pos_horiz_abs;
bool gps_vel_innov_bad = (_vel_pos_test_ratio[0] > 1.0f) || (_vel_pos_test_ratio[1] > 1.0f);
bool gps_pos_innov_bad = (_vel_pos_test_ratio[3] > 1.0f) || (_vel_pos_test_ratio[4] > 1.0f);
bool gps_vel_innov_bad = (_gps_vel_pos_test_ratio[0] > 1.0f);
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why only checking the X axis here?

@@ -1182,22 +1324,26 @@ bool Ekf::reset_imu_bias()
// Innovation Test Ratios - these are the ratio of the innovation to the acceptance threshold.
// A value > 1 indicates that the sensor measurement has exceeded the maximum acceptable level and has been rejected by the EKF
// Where a measurement type is a vector quantity, eg magnetometer, GPS position, etc, the maximum value is returned.
void Ekf::get_innovation_test_status(uint16_t *status, float *mag, float *vel, float *pos, float *hgt, float *tas, float *hagl, float *beta)
void Ekf::get_innovation_test_status(uint16_t *status, float *mag, float *gps_vel, float *gps_pos, float *ev_vel, float *ev_pos, float *hgt, float *tas, float *hagl, float *beta)
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pass references?

EKF/ekf.h Outdated
// gets the innovations of velocity and position measurements
// 0-2 vel, 3-5 pos
void get_vel_pos_innov(float vel_pos_innov[6]);
// gets the GPS innovations of velocity and position measurements
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All those comments are redundant as the names of the functions are clear. However, if the intent is to generate documentation, you would need to add more details

@kamilritz kamilritz force-pushed the refactoring_velpos branch 2 times, most recently from f7b191c to 5d442c7 Compare October 15, 2019 12:56
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All good, except the python check that fails

EKF/ekf.h Outdated
@@ -724,4 +739,37 @@ class Ekf : public EstimatorInterface
// sensor measurement
float calculate_synthetic_mag_z_measurement(Vector3f mag_meas, Vector3f mag_earth_predicted);

// stop GPS fusion
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Suggested change
// stop GPS fusion

EKF/ekf.h Outdated
// stop GPS fusion
void stopGpsFusion();

// stop GPS position fusion
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// stop GPS position fusion

EKF/ekf.h Outdated
// stop GPS position fusion
void stopGpsPosFusion();

// stop GPS velocity fusion
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Suggested change
// stop GPS velocity fusion

EKF/ekf.h Outdated
// stop GPS velocity fusion
void stopGpsVelFusion();

// stop GPS yaw fusion
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// stop GPS yaw fusion

EKF/ekf.h Outdated
// stop GPS yaw fusion
void stopGpsYawFusion();

// stop external vision fusion
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// stop external vision fusion

// gets the innovations of velocity and position measurements
// 0-2 vel, 3-5 pos
virtual void get_vel_pos_innov(float vel_pos_innov[6]) = 0;
// gets the GPS innovations of velocity and position measurements
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Suggested change
// gets the GPS innovations of velocity and position measurements

virtual void get_vel_pos_innov(float vel_pos_innov[6]) = 0;
// gets the GPS innovations of velocity and position measurements
virtual void getGpsVelPosInnov(float hvel[2], float &vvel, float hpos[2], float &vpos) = 0;
// gets the GPS innovation variances of velocity and position measurements
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Suggested change
// gets the GPS innovation variances of velocity and position measurements

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ def initialized_ekf():
dt_usec = 5000

# Provide a few samples
for _ in range(1000):
for _ in range(2000):
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The problem is that we need to know why. Maybe it worked before but shouldn't pass, maybe something broke now...


healthy = false;

setVelPosFaultStatus(obs_index,true);
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  1. It's okay here because it is clear enough that the true/false is the value you want to apply to the obs_index, but good practice is to wrap the function into an other one that sets the boolean for you.
  2. I know that there is no astyle check for ecl, but try to follow the rues as close as possible :D
Suggested change
setVelPosFaultStatus(obs_index,true);
setVelPosFaultStatus(obs_index, true);

setVelPosFaultStatus(obs_index,true);

} else {
setVelPosFaultStatus(obs_index,false);
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Suggested change
setVelPosFaultStatus(obs_index,false);
setVelPosFaultStatus(obs_index, false);

@bresch
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bresch commented Oct 16, 2019

Just as a side note, adding a comment to every variable and function isn't useful if it doesn't add any information: https://www.todaysoftmag.com/article/1120/clean-code-comments-and-formatting


void getAirspeedInnov(float &airspeed_innov);

void getAirspeedInnovVar(float &airspeed_innov_var);
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If you're going to bother changing these how about we return by value whenever possible? A lot of them could then turn into inlined getters.

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That is a nice idea. A lot of the float arrays that are returned are directly put into message fields, which are also a float array. So returning them by value as a Vector would be a lot of effort.
There are a lot of other functions that do not follow the requested standard and I suggest that we try to clean this up in a separate PR.


void getDragInnovRatio(float drag_innov_ratio[2]);

void getAirspeedInnov(float &airspeed_innov);
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Suggested change
void getAirspeedInnov(float &airspeed_innov);
float getAirspeedInnov() const { return _airspeed_innov; }


void Ekf::getGpsVelPosInnovRatio(float &hvel, float &vvel, float &hpos, float &vpos)
{
memcpy(&hvel, _gps_vel_pos_test_ratio+HVEL, sizeof(float));
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These ones with the references are much easer to read as:

Suggested change
memcpy(&hvel, _gps_vel_pos_test_ratio+HVEL, sizeof(float));
hvel = _gps_vel_pos_test_ratio[HVEL];


void getAirspeedInnov(float &airspeed_innov);

void getAirspeedInnovVar(float &airspeed_innov_var);
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Suggested change
void getAirspeedInnovVar(float &airspeed_innov_var);
float getAirspeedInnovVar() const { return _airspeed_innov_var; }

@@ -45,276 +45,175 @@
#include <ecl.h>
#include <mathlib/mathlib.h>

void Ekf::fuseVelPosHeight()
/**
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This whole file is much cleaner, nice work!

void Ekf::get_vel_pos_innov(float vel_pos_innov[6])
void Ekf::getGpsVelPosInnov(float hvel[2], float &vvel, float hpos[2], float &vpos)
{
memcpy(hvel, _gps_vel_pos_innov+0, sizeof(float) * 2);
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Returning matrix::Vectors is also fine.

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can you give an example how you mean that?

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Actually this one isn't a great example, but in other cases we could easily/safely return a Vector by value rather than passing in an array or pointer to fill.

Examples

    // Current PX4/ecl:
    // we often pass in a pointer to fill with 1, 2, or 3 floats
    void estimator_interface::get_velocity(float *vel);
    // wind velocity pass in vector to fill with 2 floats
    void Ekf::get_wind_velocity(float *wind);


    // SUGGESTION:
    // whenever possible we should prefer simple and safe getters that return by value
    matrix::Vector3f estimator_interface::get_velocity() const;
    matrix::Vector2f Ekf::get_wind_velocity() const;

I'm mainly trying to say don't be afraid to return these thing as values. It's easier to use, harder to misuse, and not going to be any slower.

@kamilritz kamilritz force-pushed the refactoring_velpos branch 3 times, most recently from 8500302 to 95bc154 Compare October 18, 2019 09:43
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All good, except the python check that fails

@bresch I found out why I did not pass the original python tiltAlignment test. In the current EKF version we fuse fakePos measurements in the beginning since we do not have GPS measurements. The rate at which this is happening is determined by this if statement. Since we fuse baro measurement early on, we set the variable _fuse_height to true at the rate of the baro measurements. In my previous version I did not use the _fuse_height variable anymore, but it was still in the if statement. There for the fake zero x and y position measurement were fused at a much lower rate causing the uncertainty in the orientation to converge slower. As an intermediate solution I set the _fuse_height variable to true every time height is fused. I checked with a debugger, that now the time of the successful tilt alignment during the test is unchanged.

PS: the python tests based on the initialized_ekf() function are probably flawed, since they push in IMU sample with delta_*_dt in microseconds instead of seconds.

@priseborough LGTM

@kamilritz kamilritz force-pushed the refactoring_velpos branch 2 times, most recently from c19441d to 000c3c7 Compare October 29, 2019 10:06
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I've been through this twice and can't find anything that should impact on exisiting operation. The issue will be coordinating it with the changes in the ekf2 module because it is renaming accessor functions.

For PR's in the past this has created a deadlock that has delayed implementation as both PR's became conditional on each other.

I am OK with merging this provided the changes on the other side of the interface are also approved so we can do them at the same time.


void Ekf::stopGpsVelFusion()
{
_gps_vel_innov.setZero();
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There should be a control flag for GPS vel too.

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I agree. The control_status is logged in the estimator_status.msg. Where would we put the the GPS velocity flag in the filter_control_status struct? At the end? Are people okay with changed meaning of the control_status.gps flag?

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I think both of those should be ok, but I defer to others.


void Ekf::stopAuxVelFusion()
{
_aux_vel_innov.setZero();
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There should be a control flag for auxvel.

_control_status.flags.opt_flow = false;
memset(_flow_innov,0.0f,sizeof(_flow_innov));
memset(_flow_innov_var,0.0f,sizeof(_flow_innov_var));
memset(&_optflow_test_ratio,0.0f,sizeof(_optflow_test_ratio));
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Can we avoid the direct memsets?


void stopAuxVelFusion();

void stopFlowFusion();
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Can we do similar for starting fusion? (setting the flags)

@@ -54,13 +54,15 @@ bool Ekf::resetVelocity()

// reset EKF states
if (_control_status.flags.gps && _gps_check_fail_status.value==0) {
ECL_INFO_TIMESTAMPED("EKF reset velocity to GPS");
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Do these need the EKF prefix? The module name should already be there.

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That is true. I will remove them.

bool reject_sideslip: 1; ///< 9 - true if the synthetic sideslip observation has been rejected
bool reject_hagl: 1; ///< 10 - true if the height above ground observation has been rejected
bool reject_optflow_X: 1; ///< 11 - true if the X optical flow observation has been rejected
bool reject_optflow_Y: 1; ///< 12 - true if the Y optical flow observation has been rejected
} flags;
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Why is this not per-sensor now?

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That is a good question. That is a point that is open for discussion.

bool reject_hagl: 1; ///< 9 - true if the height above ground observation has been rejected
bool reject_optflow_X: 1; ///< 10 - true if the X optical flow observation has been rejected
bool reject_optflow_Y: 1; ///< 11 - true if the Y optical flow observation has been rejected
bool reject_hor_vel: 1; ///< 0 - true if horizontal velocity observations have been rejected
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If you're going to modify these anyway I think we should consider keeping them as actual bools directly. The memory difference is negligible, and it's slightly more work to mask the bit constantly.

Then in the ekf2 frontend I'd like to publish them in a new simple estimator_status_flags that publishes at a very low rate (or change). It makes it much easier to review manually and it avoids having duplicate bits definitions in 3-4 locations.

Previous rant - PX4/PX4-Autopilot#13036 (comment)

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I like this idea very much. The current bitmask approach also means that reordering the flags is not advisable.
I can help to implement that, but I think that this should go into a separate PR.

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@mhkabir and @dagar thank you very much for your feedback. Your requests are in the process of being implemented and will be in new PR.

@kamilritz kamilritz closed this Nov 11, 2019
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bresch commented Apr 27, 2020

@kamilritz Do you think you can start again on this topic? This would be a great improvement I think

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@kamilritz Do you think you can start again on this topic? This would be a great improvement I think

@bresch Good point. I will put this on my list. But it will take some time until I will get to it. If you need it soon, then feel free to do it yourself.

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bresch commented Apr 27, 2020

@kamilritz Okay, cool. It isn't something urgent but it would be great to have it for the next release (v1.12)

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