python3Packages.opentelemetry-proto: use protobuf4

[jackwilsdon]

Fixes #349361.

Things done

• Built on platform(s)
  • x86_64-linux
  • aarch64-linux
  • x86_64-darwin
  • aarch64-darwin
• For non-Linux: Is sandboxing enabled in nix.conf? (See Nix manual)
  • sandbox = relaxed
  • sandbox = true
• Tested, as applicable:
  • NixOS test(s) (look inside nixos/tests)
  • and/or package tests
  • or, for functions and "core" functionality, tests in lib/tests or pkgs/test
  • made sure NixOS tests are linked to the relevant packages
• Tested compilation of all packages that depend on this change using nix-shell -p nixpkgs-review --run "nixpkgs-review rev HEAD". Note: all changes have to be committed, also see nixpkgs-review usage
• Tested basic functionality of all binary files (usually in ./result/bin/)
• 24.11 Release Notes (or backporting 23.11 and 24.05 Release notes)
  • (Package updates) Added a release notes entry if the change is major or breaking
  • (Module updates) Added a release notes entry if the change is significant
  • (Module addition) Added a release notes entry if adding a new NixOS module
• Fits CONTRIBUTING.md.

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[jackwilsdon]

Upstream has added support for Protobuf 5 but it hasn't made its way into a release yet: open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python#4206

[jackwilsdon]

Seems like a number of dependencies on this package have issues building after this change, giving errors like this:

found duplicated packages in closure for dependency 'protobuf': 
  protobuf 5.28.2 (/nix/store/3sgy4wi9zab1j5cpb595aw12d7qjkbkc-python3.12-protobuf-5.28.2)
    dependency chain:
      this derivation: /nix/store/qrqbppkxh0mcz5cbpac303mjvfsrfrp8-python3.12-opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-proto-grpc-1.26.0
      ...depending on: /nix/store/dgsq8gik07pmdxsc51rv145rck0j4z61-python3.12-googleapis-common-protos-1.63.1
      ...depending on: /nix/store/3sgy4wi9zab1j5cpb595aw12d7qjkbkc-python3.12-protobuf-5.28.2
  protobuf 4.25.4 (/nix/store/7q447r8za2233grairjgkrr6al49v0ql-python3.12-protobuf-4.25.4)
    dependency chain:
      this derivation: /nix/store/qrqbppkxh0mcz5cbpac303mjvfsrfrp8-python3.12-opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-proto-grpc-1.26.0
      ...depending on: /nix/store/73scs999mwv61ilb9wczbhy4p3cvnpra-python3.12-opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-proto-common-1.26.0
      ...depending on: /nix/store/nx5z9i75d0sawd5p5d6djm52gr45fxpg-python3.12-opentelemetry-proto-1.26.0
      ...depending on: /nix/store/7q447r8za2233grairjgkrr6al49v0ql-python3.12-protobuf-4.25.4

[jackwilsdon]

Looks like this has already been fixed on staging: #348738.