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[Content] Updates and Corrections to Existing Stories #723

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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion stories/air-quality-and-covid-19.stories.mdx
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author:
name: Benjamin Voros
url: https://unsplash.com/photos/U-Kty6HxcQc
pubDate: 2020-12-01
pubDate: 2020-12-01T00:00
taxonomy:
- name: Topics
values:
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion stories/air-quality-so2-volcanoes.stories.mdx
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author:
name: Yosh Ginsu
url: https://unsplash.com/photos/qexZLgMcbPc
pubDate: 2023-01-25
pubDate: 2023-01-25T00:00
taxonomy:
- name: Topics
values:
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion stories/blizzards.stories.mdx
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alt: Near-blizzard conditions in Maria Stein, Ohio on December 23, 2022.
author:
name: Andrew Blackford
pubDate: 2025-02-28
pubDate: 2025-02-28T00:00
taxonomy:
- name: Topics
values:
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64 changes: 38 additions & 26 deletions stories/camp-fire-burn-scar.stories.mdx
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author:
name: Mike Newbry
url: https://unsplash.com/photos/DwtX9mMHBJ0
pubDate: 2023-12-08
pubDate: 2023-12-08T00:00
taxonomy:
- name: Topics
values:
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<Block>
<Prose>

Authors: Andrew Blackford<sup>1</sup>, Trent Cowan<sup>1</sup>, Udaysankar Nair<sup>1</sup>\
Authors: Andrew Blackford<sup>1</sup>, Trent Cowan<sup>1</sup>, Udaysankar Nair<sup>1</sup>
<sup>1</sup> The University of Alabama in Huntsville

<mark>🚧 This Data Story presents work that has grown into a Master's thesis, and a peer-reviewed article is currently being prepared. 🚧</mark>
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These products are available at 16-day intervals and were temporally averaged to compute monthly averaged NDVI, albedo, and LST.

Monthly mean NDVI was clipped to the region affected by Camp Fire, and the spatially averaged NDVI decreased from 0.65 to 0.45 following the event. Note that NDVI indicates green vegetation cover over a given location, with the values of 0 and 1 indicative of bare ground and complete green vegetation cover, respectively. This change in NDVI shows a 30% decrease in green vegetation cover over the region burned by the Camp Fire.
Monthly mean NDVI was clipped to the region affected by Camp Fire, and the spatially averaged NDVI decreased from 0.65 to 0.45 following the event. Note that NDVI indicates green vegetation cover over a given location, with the values of 0 and 1 indicative of bare ground and complete green vegetation cover, respectively. This change in NDVI shows a 20% decrease in green vegetation cover over the region burned by the Camp Fire.
</Prose>
</Block>

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<Prose>
The reduction in green vegetation cover caused by the wildfire leads to exposure of brighter underlying bare soil. In order to quantify this increase in surface brightness, the monthly mean value of MODIS-derived albedo for the area affected by the Camp Fire was examined.

The monthly mean albedo increased from 0.123 to 0.125 following the fire, or an increase of 0.02. Note that albedo values of 0 and 1 indicate none or all of the incoming sunlight is being reflected back to the atmosphere, respectively. Thus, the alteration of the surface by the wildfire resulted in a nearly 2% reduction of energy deposited by sunlight onto the land surface. Even though the amount of energy deposited by the sunlight is reduced after the fire, the reduction in green vegetation cover affects how the deposited energy is utilized.
The monthly mean albedo increased from 0.123 to 0.125 following the fire, or an increase of 0.002. Note that albedo values of 0 and 1 indicate none or all of the incoming sunlight is being reflected back to the atmosphere, respectively. Thus, the alteration of the surface by the wildfire resulted in a nearly 0.2% reduction of energy deposited by sunlight onto the land surface. Even though the amount of energy deposited by the sunlight is reduced after the fire, the reduction in green vegetation cover affects how the deposited energy is utilized.
</Prose>
</Block>

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## MODIS NDVI Difference
## (2019-2022) - (2015-2018)

The average Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) over the region decreased from 0.65 to 0.45 following the Camp Fire, signifying a 30% reduction in green vegetation cover.
The average Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) over the region decreased from 0.65 to 0.45 following the Camp Fire, signifying a 20% reduction in green vegetation cover.
</Chapter>

<Chapter
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## MODIS Albedo WSA Difference
## (2019-2022) - (2015-2018)

Satellite observations show that there is a nearly 2% increase in average albedo following the wildfire and thus a greater proportion of incoming sunlight reflected back by the surface.
Satellite observations show that there is a nearly 0.2% increase in average albedo following the wildfire and thus a greater proportion of incoming sunlight reflected back by the surface.

</Chapter>

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</Block>

<Block>
<Prose>
## How to Cite This Work
Blackford, Andrew C., "The impact of the 2018 camp fire on land-atmosphere interactions" (2024). Theses. 658. https://louis.uah.edu/uah-theses/658
</Prose>
<Prose>
### References
Anthes, R.A. 1984. Enhancement of convective precipitation by mesoscale variations in vegetative covering in semiarid regions. Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology, 23, 541-554. doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1984)023%3C0541:EOCPBM%3E2.0.CO;2

McCumber, M.C. 1980. A numerical simulation of the influence of heat and moisture fluxes upon mesoscale circulations. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Virginia. 255pp.

Pielke, R., and R. Avissar. 1990. Influence of landscape structure on local and regional climate. Landscape Ecology, 4, 133-155. doi:10.1007/BF00132857

Santanello Jr., J. A. et al. 2017: Land-Atmosphere Interactions: The LoCo Perspective. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 99, 1253–1272. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0001.1

Wittenberg, L., et al. 2007: Spatial and temporal patterns of vegetation recovery following sequences of forest fires in a Mediterranean landscape, Mt Carmel Israel. Catena, 71, 76-83. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2006.10.007

</Prose>
</Block>

<Block>
<Prose>
## Additional Resources
[Dataset landing page for MODIS LST](https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/dataprod/mod11.php)
### Data Access

[Dataset landing page for MODIS NDVI](https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/dataprod/mod13.php)
* [Dataset landing page for MODIS LST](https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/dataprod/mod11.php)

[Dataset landing page for MODIS Albedo](https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/mcd43c3v006/)
* [Dataset landing page for MODIS NDVI](https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/dataprod/mod13.php)

* [Dataset landing page for MODIS Albedo](https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/mcd43c3v006/)

* [Dataset landing page for Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 data](https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/data/get-started-data/collection-overview/missions/harmonized-landsat-sentinel-2-hls-overview/)

[Dataset landing page for Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 data](https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/data/get-started-data/collection-overview/missions/harmonized-landsat-sentinel-2-hls-overview/)
</Prose>
</Block>

<Block>
<Prose>
## References
Anthes, R.A. 1984. Enhancement of convective precipitation by mesoscale variations in vegetative covering in semiarid regions. Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology, 23, 541-554. doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1984)023%3C0541:EOCPBM%3E2.0.CO;2

McCumber, M.C. 1980. A numerical simulation of the influence of heat and moisture fluxes upon mesoscale circulations. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Virginia. 255pp.

Pielke, R., and R. Avissar. 1990. Influence of landscape structure on local and regional climate. Landscape Ecology, 4, 133-155. doi:10.1007/BF00132857

Santanello Jr., J. A. et al. 2017: Land-Atmosphere Interactions: The LoCo Perspective. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 99, 1253–1272. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0001.1

Wittenberg, L., et al. 2007: Spatial and temporal patterns of vegetation recovery following sequences of forest fires in a Mediterranean landscape, Mt Carmel Israel. Catena, 71, 76-83. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2006.10.007

**Editors**: Andrew Blackford, Derek Koehl, Joshua Blumenfeld, Jerika Chung, Brian Freitag, and Udaysankar Nair

**Developers**: Andrew Blackford

**Science and Content Contributors**: Andrew Blackford, Brian Freitag, and Udaysankar Nair

**Questions / Feedback**: Email Andrew.Blackford@uah.edu

### Additional Resources

* Blackford, Andrew C., "The impact of the 2018 camp fire on land-atmosphere interactions" (2024). Theses. 658. https://louis.uah.edu/uah-theses/658

</Prose>
</Block>

8 changes: 3 additions & 5 deletions stories/changing-landscapes.stories.mdx
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author:
name: Jared Murray
url: https://unsplash.com/photos/NSuufgf-BME
pubDate: 2020-12-01
pubDate: 2020-12-01T00:00
taxonomy:
- name: Topics
values:
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<Block>
<Prose>
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, governments have implemented, eased, and re-implemented restrictions limiting mobility and international travel to help slow the spread of the novel coronavirus. As a result, people have largely stayed home, and the ways in which we interact with the human-made and natural environments have changed. These changes have reverberated throughout Earth's systems and are observed in different ways by NASA satellites.
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, governments implemented, eased, and re-implemented restrictions limiting mobility and international travel to help slow the spread of the novel coronavirus. As a result, people largely stayed home, and the ways in which we interacted with the human-made and natural environments have changed. These changes have reverberated throughout Earth's systems and are observed in different ways by NASA satellites.
</Prose>
</Block>

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From January through February 2020, nighttime lights in the central commercial district of Wuhan dimmed as people stayed home instead of shopping or socializing. Even highways, represented by the bright lines in the satellite imagery, darkened with less activity during shutdown periods.
</Prose>
</Block>

<Block type='full'>
<Figure>
<Map
datasetId='nighttime-lights'
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<Block>
<Prose>
## What have we learned and what opportunities are there for this research in the future?
## What have we learned?

How we interact with the environment has a noticeable effect on the land, air, and water. Scientists will continue to monitor the social and environmental changes associated with the pandemic, which provides a unique opportunity to characterize and study the effect we have on our planet.
</Prose>
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17 changes: 14 additions & 3 deletions stories/coastal-flooding-and-slr.stories.mdx
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author:
name: Don Lodge
url: https://unsplash.com/photos/P8PuYidUYMw
pubDate: 2022-11-15
pubDate: 2022-11-15T00:00
taxonomy:
- name: Topics
values:
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values:
- NASA EIS
---
<Block>
<Prose>
**Authors:**

Augusto Getirana, Wanshu Nie, Nishan Biswas, Kim Locke, Sujay Kumar, Denis Felikson

**Disclaimer:**

<mark>🚧 This Data Story presents work in progress and not peer-reviewed results! 🚧</mark>

</Prose>
</Block>

<Block>
<Prose>
## Introduction
<mark>🚧 This Discovery presents work in progress and not peer-reviewed results! 🚧</mark>

Climate change poses unique risks to coastal areas around the world. Many factors contribute to coastal risk including (1) changes in the water cycle, (2) changes to the landscape, including the gain or loss of coastal land and vertical land motion, and (3) changes to sea level. This Discovery presents these components and shows how NASA data and models can be used to measure and study these processes. The purpose of this Discovery is to serve as a starting point for further exploration for researchers.

Join the discussion and provide comments on this Discovery in [EIS GitHub Discussions](https://github.com/orgs/Earth-Information-System/discussions/5).

<u>Authors:</u> [Augusto Getirana](mailto:augusto.getirana@nasa.gov), Wanshu Nie, Nishan Biswas, Kim Locke, Sujay Kumar, Denis Felikson
</Prose>
</Block>

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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion stories/crystal-lake-mercury.stories.mdx
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author:
name: NOAA-NASA
url: https://www.goes-r.gov/multimedia/dataAndImageryImagesGoes-17.html
pubDate: 2023-08-21
pubDate: 2023-08-21T00:00
taxonomy:
- name: Topics
values:
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion stories/darnah-flood.stories.mdx
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author:
name: Marwan Alfaituri (Reuters)
url: https://abcnews.go.com/International/casualties-libya-floods-avoided-world-meteorological-organization-chief/story?id=103200104
pubDate: 2024-07-22
pubDate: 2024-07-22T00:00
taxonomy:
- name: Topics
values:
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21 changes: 16 additions & 5 deletions stories/fire-life-cycle.stories.mdx
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author:
name: Lauren Dauphin/Landsat 8
url: https://eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/images/imagerecords/147000/147452/coloradofire752_oli_2020296_lrg.jpg
pubDate: 2023-01-25
pubDate: 2023-01-25T00:00
taxonomy:
- name: Topics
values:
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- NASA EIS
---

<Block>
<Prose>
**Authors:**

Shahryar K. Ahmad, Thomas R. Holmes, Sujay V. Kumar, Kim Locke, Timothy Lahmers, Elijah Orland

**Disclaimer:**

<mark>🚧 This Data Story presents work in progress and not peer-reviewed results! 🚧</mark>

</Prose>
</Block>

<Block>
<Prose>
## Introduction
<mark>🚧 This Discovery presents work in progress and not peer-reviewed results! 🚧</mark>

Fires are an integral part of the Earth system and have a large human dimension. Society's interaction with the Earth system affects fire risk, fire spread, and fire impacts (e.g. property destruction, emissions, mud slides). NASA data products and models provide real-time information on active fires, smoke, air quality, and forecasts of changing fire weather and seasonal fire risk.

EIS provides a platform for collaborative analysis of and decision support for pre-fire risk, active fire situational awareness, and managing post-fire impacts. The full potential of these individual efforts are realized through the EIS collaborative framework to support new transdisciplinary connections and fire-related management activities.

Join the discussion and provide comments on this Discovery in [EIS GitHub Discussions](https://github.com/orgs/Earth-Information-System/discussions/8).

<u>Authors:</u> [Shahryar K. Ahmad](mailto:shahryarkhalique.ahmad@nasa.gov), Thomas R. Holmes, Sujay V. Kumar, Kim Locke, Timothy Lahmers, Elijah Orland
</Prose>
</Block>

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attrAuthor='NASA'
attrUrl='https://nasa.gov/'
>
Dixie fire’s thick smoke plume captured by an astronaut on the International Space Station on August 4, 2021 ([left](https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/148669/californias-dixie-fire-keeps-on-growing)) and burn scars captured from Landsat 8 OLI ([right](https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/148908/whats-behind-californias-surge-of-large-fires)) (Source: NASA Earth Observatory)
The Northern California Dixie Fire’s thick smoke plume captured by an astronaut on the International Space Station on August 4, 2021 ([left](https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/148669/californias-dixie-fire-keeps-on-growing)) and burn scars captured from Landsat 8 OLI ([right](https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/148908/whats-behind-californias-surge-of-large-fires)) (Source: NASA Earth Observatory)
</Caption>
</Figure>
</Block>
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<Prose>
## Fires in Western U.S.

Catastrophic wildfires are on increase across the Western United States. While fires constitute an important rangeland disturbance process in the semi-arid ecosystems of the Western U.S., climate change and intensifying droughts have increased the frequency and vigor of wildfires.
Catastrophic wildfires are increasing across the Western United States. While fires constitute an important rangeland disturbance process in the semi-arid ecosystems of the Western U.S., climate change and intensifying droughts have increased the frequency and vigor of wildfires.

This chart shows total area burned from 1984 to 2020 in the Western U.S.
</Prose>
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion stories/houston-aod.stories.mdx
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author:
name: Maxim Tolchinskiy
url: https://unsplash.com/photos/W3y2crFkVIs
pubDate: 2023-10-31
pubDate: 2023-10-31T00:00
taxonomy:
- name: Topics
values:
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion stories/hurricane-ian.stories.mdx
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author:
name: Joshua Stevens, using GOES 16 imagery courtesy of NOAA and the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS)
url: https://visibleearth.nasa.gov/images/150408/hurricane-ian-reaches-florida
pubDate: 2024-07-22
pubDate: 2024-07-22T00:00
taxonomy:
- name: Topics
values:
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39 changes: 31 additions & 8 deletions stories/lahaina-fire.stories.mdx
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author:
name: Matthew Thayer/AP
url: https://www.sfchronicle.com/travel/article/hawaii-fire-maui-lahaina-18289213.php
pubDate: 2023-12-01
pubDate: 2023-12-01T00:00
taxonomy:
- name: Topics
values:
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<Block>
<Prose>
Authors: Andrew Blackford<sup>[1]</sup>, Trent Cowan<sup>[1]</sup>, Udaysankar Nair<sup>[1]</sup>\
<sup>[1]</sup> University of Alabama in Huntsville(UAH)
Authors: Andrew Blackford<sup>[1]</sup>, Trent Cowan<sup>[1]</sup>, Udaysankar Nair<sup>[1]</sup>

<sup>[1]</sup> The University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH)

<mark>🚧 This Data Story presents work in progress and not peer-reviewed results! 🚧</mark>

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<Block>
<Prose>
## Additional Resources
[HLS Landing Page](https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/data/get-started-data/collection-overview/missions/harmonized-landsat-sentinel-2-hls-overview/)

### References
[PDC/FEMA report](https://www.mauicounty.gov/CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=12683)

[Glossary of Meteorology on gap wind](https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Gap_wind)

[List of Deadliest Wildfires](https://www.npr.org/2023/08/15/1193710165/maui-wildfires-deadliest-us-history)

[NASA's Fire Information for Resourse Management System (FIRMS)](https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/articles/firms-lfta-data)
</Prose>
</Block>

<Block>
<Prose>
### Data Access

* [HLS Landing Page](https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/data/get-started-data/collection-overview/missions/harmonized-landsat-sentinel-2-hls-overview/)
* [NASA's Fire Information for Resourse Management System (FIRMS)](https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/articles/firms-lfta-data)

</Prose>
</Block>

<Block>
<Prose>

**Editors**: Andrew Blackford, Trent Cowan, Derek Koehl, Jerika Chung, Brian Freitag, and Udaysankar Nair

**Developers**: Andrew Blackford and Trent Cowan

**Science and Content Contributors**: Andrew Blackford, Trent Cowan, Udaysankar Nair, and Brian Freitag

**Questions / Feedback**: Email Andrew.Blackford@uah.edu

### Additional Resources

[AI Aiding in Lahaina Fire Recovery](https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/news/access-maui-fire-recovery)
* [AI Aiding in Lahaina Fire Recovery](https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/news/access-maui-fire-recovery)

</Prose>
</Block>
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion stories/nldas3.stories.mdx
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author:
name: LDAS-NASA
url: https://eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/images/imagerecords/151000/151897/mississippi_oli_2023259_lrg.jpg
pubDate: 2024-10-22
pubDate: 2024-10-22T00:00
taxonomy:
- name: Topics
values:
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