Add Accessors for Day and higher

[amsingh17]

During a development project, I noticed that I was not able to run Day (or higher) on ZonedDateTime objects. The fix in this PR addresses that issue. Below is a minimum working example to show the issue

               _
   _       _ _(_)_     |  Documentation: https://docs.julialang.org
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   _ _   _| |_  __ _   |  Type "?" for help, "]?" for Pkg help.
  | | | | | | |/ _` |  |
  | | |_| | | | (_| |  |  Version 1.9.3 (2023-08-24)
 _/ |\__'_|_|_|\__'_|  |  Official https://julialang.org/ release
|__/                   |

julia> using TimeZones, Dates

julia> x = ZonedDateTime(today(), tz"UTC")
2024-09-23T00:00:00+00:00

julia> Hour(x)
0 hours

julia> Day(x)
ERROR: MethodError: no method matching Day(::ZonedDateTime)

Closest candidates are:
  (::Type{T})(::Period) where T<:Period
   @ Dates /Applications/Julia-1.9.app/Contents/Resources/julia/share/julia/stdlib/v1.9/Dates/src/periods.jl:384
  Day(::Number)
   @ Dates /Applications/Julia-1.9.app/Contents/Resources/julia/share/julia/stdlib/v1.9/Dates/src/types.jl:55
  Day(::AbstractString)
   @ Dates /Applications/Julia-1.9.app/Contents/Resources/julia/share/julia/stdlib/v1.9/Dates/src/periods.jl:21
  ...

Stacktrace:
 [1] top-level scope
   @ REPL[3]:1

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 92.76%. Comparing base (2bc8f50) to head (52e7edb).
Report is 16 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master     #478      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   92.79%   92.76%   -0.04%     
==========================================
  Files          39       40       +1     
  Lines        1818     1838      +20     
==========================================
+ Hits         1687     1705      +18     
- Misses        131      133       +2     

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[omus]

Can you add tests?

[omus]

I originally added this accessor code when Dates.jl narrowed the types used for these sub-day accessors: 61d8299.

[amsingh17]

@omus I've added a block of tests to use the Period of a ZonedDateTime. Open to suggestions on expanding additional coverage. Thanks!

[omus]

Better to not access the internal fields

[amsingh17]

@omus Looks like the associated accessor for Quarter is Dates.quarterofyear which is causing the latest test failure

[omus]

Ah, we can remove :Quarter from here and define those methods manually