Kubernetes configs

git.io/k8s-configs

Intro

Advanced Kubernetes YAML configurations & templates, based on my experiences running Kubernetes in production at different companies.

The top-level directory contains standard Kubernetes object templates with many Best Practices, Tips & Tricks learned over time across production environments.

The sub-directories contain ready-to-run real world apps that I've run across environments.

Templates

Start with deployment.yaml / statefulset.yaml, for advanced users see kustomization.yaml.

The service.yaml and ingress.yaml configs contain settings for using static public IP addresses and locking down your cloud load balancer's firewall rules eg. to private IP addresses, and patches for Cloudflare Proxied or VPN IPs. You may need to extend those IP lists to your office / VPN / public addresses if really want to permit direct internet access to your ingresses and aren't proxying them through a WAF in proxied mode etc.

See also the Dockerfile template in the HariSekhon/Templates repo to containerize your custom apps for deploying on to Kubernetes.

Apps

Real-world app deployments are found in the more specific <app>/ directories.

These follow the standard Kustomize <app>/base/ and <app>/overlay/ layout to make it easy to use as-is by just tweaking a couple settings in the overlay to your specific environment.

CI/CD

Advanced auto-scaling production-grade CI/CD on Kubernetes:

• ArgoCD - deployment, configs and optimizations. Start here: argocd/base/kustomization.yaml
• Jenkins - jenkins server and dynamically scaling agents on kubernetes. Start here: jenkins/base/kustomization.yaml
  • see also: Jenkins repo with advanced Jenkinsfile & Jenkins Shared Library
• TeamCity - teamcity server and dynamically scaling agents on kubernetes. Start here: teamcity/base/kustomization.yaml
• Selenium Grid - simple and distributed auto-scaling deployments. Start here: selenium-grid/base/kustomization.yaml / selenium-grid-distributed/base/kustomization.yaml

Helm Repos

Helm repos you should probably have installed:

Repo Label	URL
stable	https://charts.helm.sh/stable
bitnami	https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami
fairwinds-stable	https://charts.fairwinds.com/stable

Table generated from helm-repos.txt by script generate_repos_markdown_table.sh

These repos can quickly installed in one command using script install_repos.sh:

./install_repos.sh

Helm + Kustomize integration

See kustomization.yaml for 2 methods provided:

1. template the Helm chart using a values.yaml to Git and serve from there (see DevOps Bash Tools for the helm_template.sh convenience script)
2. dynamically load the Helm chart from upstream with a values.yaml

...then patch override anything the chart doesn't directly support using the standard Kustomize patching examples given in the kustomization.yaml.

Production Ready Checklist

• Healthchecks - readiness/liveness probes, see deployment.yaml
• Horizontal Pod Autoscaler - horizontal-pod-autoscaler.yaml
• Pod Disruption Budget - pod-disruption-budget.yaml
• Pod Anti-Affinity - stable vs preemptible, HA across AZs, see deployment.yaml
• Ingress Controllers - Nginx (config), Kong (config) or Traefik (config)
• Ingress SSL - Cert Manager (config) for Automatic Certificate Management using the popular free Let's Encrypt certificate authority
• App Lifecycle Management - ArgoCD (config)
• App Ingresses - ingress.yaml, */base/ingress.yaml
• App Resources - see resources section in deployment.yaml
• App Right-Sizing - Goldilocks (config) to generate VPAs and resource recommendations
• DNS - External DNS (config) integration to AWS Route53, Cloudflare etc.
• Secrets - External Secrets (config) integration to AWS Secrets Manager, GCP Secret Manager etc. or Sealed Secrets (config)
• Resource Quotas per Namespace - resource-quota.yaml
• Limit Ranges - per object limits within a namespace - limit-range.yaml
• Network Policies - network-policy.yaml
• Pod Security Policies - pod-security-policy.yaml
• Governance, Security & Best Practices - Polaris (config) for recommendations
• Find Deprecated API objects to replace - Pluto - see pluto_detect_kustomize_materialize.sh, pluto_detect_helm_materialize.sh and pluto_detect_kubectl_dump_objects.sh in the DevOps Bash Tools repo
• Helm is not IaC idempotent by itself - that is PoC territory - you must wrap it in Kustomize, ArgoCD or similar to detect live drift!
• Quickly update any Helm Charts in a kustomization.yaml file using kustomize_update_helm_chart_versions.sh in the DevOps Bash Tools repo

Further Documention

The best documentation links are provided at the top of each yaml for fast referencing (my advanced .vimrc can open these URLs from the current file via a hotkey!)

See also HariSekhon/Knowledge-Base, especially:

• Kubernetes
• Helm
• Kustomize
• ArgoCD
• Cert Manager

Extra Docs

Datree Kubernetes ArgoCD best practices

Environment Enhancements

.envrc - use with direnv to auto-load correct Kubernetes context isolated to current shell to avoid race conditions between shells and scripts caused by naively changing the global ~/.kube/config context

Shortcut symlinks are for faster instantiation from these configs using the standard kubernetes shortcuts such as new pvc.yaml - see the Templates repo for more details on the new command to fast create new files from templates.

Diagrams

For more amazing diagrams see HariSekhon/Diagrams-as-Code

Kubernetes Deployment with Horizontal Pod Autoscaler and Ingress

• deployment.yaml
• horizontal-pod-autoscaler.yaml
• ingress.yaml

Kubernetes Stateful Architecture with persistent volumes

• statefulset.yaml
• persistent-volume-claim.yaml
• persistent-volume.yaml

Kubernetes Service External Traffic Policy

• service.yaml

Kubernetes on Premise

• GitHub repo: HariSekhon/HAProxy-configs

with MetalLB:

• metal-lb/base/*.yaml

Is it just me or do MetaLB think they're Starfleet? (compare their logos)

Traefik Ingress on GKE

A Traefik deployment I did for a client using:

• traefik/base/*.yaml
• traefik-hub-agent/base/*.yaml

alternative diagram:

Kong API Gateway on AWS EKS

A Kong API Gateway deployment I did for a client using:

• kong/base/*.yaml
• cert-manager/base/*.yaml
• argocd/base/*.yaml

Jenkins on Kubernetes

A production Jenkins on Kubernetes I built for a client with auto-spawning agents for horizontal scaling and integration with Docker, SonarQube, Clair, Grype and Trivy for code & container scanning.

• jenkins/base/*.yaml - core config that is inherited by all environments
• jenkins/overlay/*.yaml - environment specific settings like ingress address, NFS server mount on agents
• claire/base/*.yaml
• sonarqube/base/*.yaml
• trivy/base/*.yaml
• GitHub repo: HariSekhon/Jenkins
  • Advanced Jenkinsfile
  • Groovy Shared Library with the code & container scanning functions
    • clair.groovy
    • grype.groovy
    • trivy.groovy, trivyFS.groovy, trivyImages
    • gcrDockerAuth.groovy, garDockerAuth.groovy
    • among others in vars/ and don't forget about the epic Jenkinsfile

Useful Notes

HariSekhon/Knowledge-Base - Jenkins

HariSekhon/Knowledge-Base - Jenkins-on-Kubernetes

screenshot:

ArgoCD - GitOps for Kubernetes

argocd.d2:

OpenTSDB on Kubernetes and HBase

A high scale production OpenTSDB replatform I did to Kubernetes for a client, ingesting 9 billion data points per day and serving 3 million queries per day.

I also had to do advanced performance tuning of their production HBase cluster which was suffering from frequent outages at this scale due to being set up by a non-SME on the wrong hardware (I had to make do with the existing hardware of course).

This was the second client I did in-depth performance tuning of HBase for - I've published a selection of useful HBase tools - see hbase_*.py and opentsdb_*.py in my DevOps Python tools repo.

History

Forked from the Templates repo.

Stargazers over time

git.io/k8s-configs

More Core Repos

Knowledge

DevOps Code

Containerization

CI/CD

DBA - SQL

DevOps Reloaded

Templates

Misc

The rest of my original source repos are here.

Pre-built Docker images are available on my DockerHub.