feat: support Loki JSON write

[shuiyisong]

I hereby agree to the terms of the GreptimeDB CLA.

Refer to a related PR or issue link (optional)

#5287

What's changed and what's your intention?

This pr adds JSON write support for Loki write requests and some other modifications as follows:

1. move Loki-related code to a separate file
2. some minor perf update
   • use rows = Vec::new_with_capacity in protobuf write path
   • use hashbrown's hashmap instead of the std one
   • make content-type comparison values const( instead of construct one every time )

Here is a quick vector config to write logs into GreptimeDB using Loki JSON format

[sources.demo_logs]
type = "demo_logs"
format = "apache_common"
lines = [ "line1" ]
interval = 0.00001

[transforms.rename]
type = "remap"
inputs = ["demo_logs"]
source = '''
. = .message
'''

[sinks.loki_sink]
type = "loki"
inputs = [ "rename" ]
compression = "gzip"
# change compression to `snappy` to use protobuf format
# compression = "snappy"
endpoint = "http://localhost:4000"
path = "/v1/loki/api/v1/push"
encoding.codec = "raw_message"

[sinks.loki_sink.labels]
source = "vector"
sender = "local"

PR Checklist

Please convert it to a draft if some of the following conditions are not met.

• I have written the necessary rustdoc comments.
• I have added the necessary unit tests and integration tests.
• This PR requires documentation updates.
• API changes are backward compatible.
• Schema or data changes are backward compatible.

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 91.16279% with 19 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 83.83%. Comparing base (69d9a28) to head (e8611ca).
Report is 4 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #5288      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   84.08%   83.83%   -0.26%     
==========================================
  Files        1199     1201       +2     
  Lines      224585   225166     +581     
==========================================
- Hits       188852   188770      -82     
- Misses      35733    36396     +663     

[sunng87]

Any chance to specify pipeline name and invoke it during this process?

[shuiyisong]

Any chance to specify pipeline name and invoke it during this process?

Sure, let me add it to the tracking issue.